वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-34, verse-4

वसन्ति मन्नियोगेन अधिवासं च राक्षसः ।
बाधमाना महारण्ये मुनीन्ये धर्मचारिणः ॥४॥

4. vasanti manniyogena adhivāsaṃ ca rākṣasaḥ ,
bādhamānā mahāraṇye munīnye dharmacāriṇaḥ.

4. vasanti mama niyogena adhivāsam ca rākṣasaḥ
bādhamānāḥ mahāraṇye munīn ye dharmacāriṇaḥ

4. rākṣasaḥ mama niyogena adhivāsam ca vasanti
mahāraṇye ye dharmacāriṇaḥ munīn bādhamānāḥ

4. By my command, the Rākṣasas reside and occupy this dwelling, relentlessly harassing in the great forest those ascetics who are practitioners of natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• वसन्ति (vasanti) - they dwell, they reside

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• नियोगेन (niyogena) - by command, by order

• अधिवासम् (adhivāsam) - dwelling, residence, abode

• च (ca) - and

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - The Rākṣasas (plural, referring to a group of demons) (demon, Rākṣasa)

• बाधमानाः (bādhamānāḥ) - harassing (the ascetics) (harassing, tormenting)

• महारण्ये (mahāraṇye) - in the great forest

• मुनीन् (munīn) - ascetics, sages

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• धर्मचारिणः (dharmacāriṇaḥ) - practitioners of natural law (dharma), righteous

Words meanings and morphology

वसन्ति (vasanti) - they dwell, they reside

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vas

Present Active Indicative

3rd person plural

Root: vas (class 1)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

नियोगेन (niyogena) - by command, by order

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of niyoga

niyoga - command, order, injunction, application

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

अधिवासम् (adhivāsam) - dwelling, residence, abode

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhivāsa

adhivāsa - dwelling, residence, abode

Prefix: adhi

Root: vas (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - The Rākṣasas (plural, referring to a group of demons) (demon, Rākṣasa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon, a Rākṣasa

Note: While the form is nominative singular, the verb 'vasanti' (they dwell) indicates a plural subject. This suggests 'rākṣasaḥ' is used here as a collective singular or is a metrical variant for nominative plural 'rākṣasāḥ'.

बाधमानाः (bādhamānāḥ) - harassing (the ascetics) (harassing, tormenting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bādhamāna

bādhamāna - harassing, tormenting, oppressing

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root 'bādh' (to oppress, harass) with the 'śānac' suffix for present middle participle. Masculine nominative plural.

Root: bādh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied plural subject 'rākṣasāḥ'.

महारण्ये (mahāraṇye) - in the great forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāraṇya

mahāraṇya - great forest

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+araṇya)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• araṇya – forest, wilderness
  noun (neuter)

मुनीन् (munīn) - ascetics, sages

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of muni

muni - ascetic, sage, saint

Note: Direct object of 'bādhamānāḥ'.

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to the ascetics, serving as the subject for the description 'dharmacāriṇaḥ'.

धर्मचारिणः (dharmacāriṇaḥ) - practitioners of natural law (dharma), righteous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmacārin

dharmacārin - practicing dharma, virtuous, righteous

Derived from 'dharma' (natural law) and 'carin' (one who moves/practices).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+carin)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
• carin – moving, practicing, observing
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -in indicates an agent or practitioner.
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ye' (who).