वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-34, verse-11

अशीलः कर्कशस्तीक्ष्णो मूर्खो लुब्धो ऽजितेन्द्रियः ।
त्यक्तधर्मस्त्वधर्मात्मा भूतानामहिते रतः ॥११॥

11. aśīlaḥ karkaśastīkṣṇo mūrkho lubdho'jitendriyaḥ ,
tyaktadharmastvadharmātmā bhūtānāmahite rataḥ.

11. aśīlaḥ karkaśaḥ tīkṣṇaḥ mūrkhaḥ lubdhaḥ ajitendriyaḥ
tyaktadharmaḥ tu adharmātmā bhūtānām ahite rataḥ

11. saḥ aśīlaḥ karkaśaḥ tīkṣṇaḥ mūrkhaḥ lubdhaḥ ajitendriyaḥ
tyaktadharmaḥ tu adharmātmā bhūtānām ahite rataḥ

11. He is ill-behaved, harsh, fierce, foolish, greedy, and unable to control his senses. Having abandoned the natural law (dharma), he possesses an unrighteous character, constantly engaged in harming living beings.

Words meanings summery:

• अशीलः (aśīlaḥ) - ill-natured, immoral, ill-behaved

• कर्कशः (karkaśaḥ) - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

• तीक्ष्णः (tīkṣṇaḥ) - fierce, sharp, violent, cruel

• मूर्खः (mūrkhaḥ) - foolish, stupid, ignorant

• लुब्धः (lubdhaḥ) - greedy, covetous, eager

• अजितेन्द्रियः (ajitendriyaḥ) - one who has not conquered his senses, lacking self-control

• त्यक्तधर्मः (tyaktadharmaḥ) - who has abandoned natural law (dharma), unrighteous

• तु (tu) - indeed, furthermore (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

• अधर्मात्मा (adharmātmā) - possesses an unrighteous character (whose nature (ātman) is unrighteousness (adharma), wicked soul, unrighteous character)

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures, of living things

• अहिते (ahite) - in harming (in harm, in injury, in what is unfavorable)

• रतः (rataḥ) - constantly engaged in (engaged, devoted, attached to, delighted in)

Words meanings and morphology

अशीलः (aśīlaḥ) - ill-natured, immoral, ill-behaved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśīla

aśīla - ill-natured, ill-behaved, immoral, without character

Compound: a- (not) + śīla (character, disposition).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+śīla)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• śīla – character, disposition, conduct, habit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate adjective for an implied 'he'.

कर्कशः (karkaśaḥ) - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karkaśa

karkaśa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe, stiff

Note: Predicate adjective.

तीक्ष्णः (tīkṣṇaḥ) - fierce, sharp, violent, cruel

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent, hot, severe, violent, fierce

Note: Predicate adjective.

मूर्खः (mūrkhaḥ) - foolish, stupid, ignorant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūrkha

mūrkha - foolish, stupid, ignorant, a fool

Note: Predicate adjective.

लुब्धः (lubdhaḥ) - greedy, covetous, eager

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lubdha

lubdha - greedy, covetous, tempted, deluded, eager for

Past Passive Participle

From root lubh (to covet, confuse), suffix -ta. Functions as adjective.

Root: lubh (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective.

अजितेन्द्रियः (ajitendriyaḥ) - one who has not conquered his senses, lacking self-control

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajitendriya

ajitendriya - one whose senses are not subdued, lacking self-control

Compound: a- (not) + jita (conquered, PPP of ji) + indriya (sense). Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+jita+indriya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• jita – conquered, won, subdued
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate adjective.

त्यक्तधर्मः (tyaktadharmaḥ) - who has abandoned natural law (dharma), unrighteous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyaktadharma

tyaktadharma - one who has abandoned their natural law (dharma), one who has forsaken duty/righteousness

Compound: tyakta (abandoned, PPP of tyaj) + dharma (natural law). Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tyakta+dharma)

• tyakta – abandoned, forsaken, given up
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root tyaj (to abandon).
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, natural order
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate adjective.

तु (tu) - indeed, furthermore (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasis.

अधर्मात्मा (adharmātmā) - possesses an unrighteous character (whose nature (ātman) is unrighteousness (adharma), wicked soul, unrighteous character)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharmātman

adharmātman - whose nature (ātman) is unrighteousness (adharma), wicked soul, unrighteous character

Compound: adharma (unrighteousness) + ātman (self, soul, nature). Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (adharma+ātman)

• adharma – unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, not natural law
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: a- (not) + dharma (natural law).
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature, breath
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate adjective.

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures, of living things

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past, happened, become

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

From root bhū (to be, become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to the beneficiaries of the action (or suffering).

अहिते (ahite) - in harming (in harm, in injury, in what is unfavorable)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ahita

ahita - unfavorable, harmful, unfriendly, injury, harm, enemy

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

Compound: a- (not) + hita (beneficial, PPP of dhā).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+hita)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• hita – beneficial, good, placed, kind, welfare
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhā (to place, set).
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Governed by 'rataḥ'.

रतः (rataḥ) - constantly engaged in (engaged, devoted, attached to, delighted in)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rata

rata - engaged, devoted, attached to, delighted in, pleased

Past Passive Participle

From root ram (to delight, be pleased), suffix -ta. Functions as adjective.

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective, describing the implied subject's nature.