वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-43, verse-9

गत्वा तु सुचिरं कालं ततः शीतजलां नदीम् ।
गोमतीं गोयुतानूपामतरत् सागरंगमाम् ॥९॥

9. gatvā tu suciraṃ kālaṃ tataḥ śītajalāṃ nadīm ,
gomatīṃ goyutānūpāmatarat sāgaraṃgamām.

9. gatvā tu suciraṃ kālam tataḥ śītajalām nadīm
gomatīm goyutānūpām atarat sāgaraṃgamām

9. tu suciraṃ kālam gatvā tataḥ śītajalām
goyutānūpām sāgaraṃgamām gomatīm nadīm atarat

9. Having traveled for a very long time, he then crossed the Gomati river, which had cold waters, was rich in cattle and lowlands, and flowed towards the ocean.

Words meanings summery:

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having traveled (having gone, after going)

• तु (tu) - indeed, then (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• सुचिरम् (suciram) - for a very long time

• कालम् (kālam) - time (time, period)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, therefore)

• शीतजलाम् (śītajalām) - with cold waters (having cold water, with cold water)

• नदीम् (nadīm) - river

• गोमतीम् (gomatīm) - the Gomati river

• गोयुतानूपाम् (goyutānūpām) - rich in cattle and lowlands (rich in cattle and lowlands, having cows and marshy ground)

• अतरत् (atarat) - he crossed (he/she/it crossed)

• सागरंगमाम् (sāgaraṁgamām) - flowing towards the ocean (going to the ocean, flowing to the ocean, leading to the ocean)

Words meanings and morphology

गत्वा (gatvā) - having traveled (having gone, after going)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root 'gam' with the suffix '-tvā'.

Root: gam (class 1)

तु (tu) - indeed, then (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Particle used for contrast or emphasis.

सुचिरम् (suciram) - for a very long time

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sucira

sucira - very long, protracted

Compound of 'su' (good, well, very) and 'cira' (long time).

Compound type : Karmadharaya (su+cira)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix/adverb
• cira – long time, ancient
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

कालम् (kālam) - time (time, period)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, appropriate time

Note: Adverbial accusative, indicating duration.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Formed from the pronominal stem 'ta-' with the suffix '-tas'.

शीतजलाम् (śītajalām) - with cold waters (having cold water, with cold water)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śītajalā

śītajalā - having cold water (feminine)

Bahuvrihi compound 'śīta' (cold) + 'jala' (water), meaning "whose water is cold". Feminine form.

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (śīta+jala)

• śīta – cold, cool
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'śyai' (to be cold), suffix -ta.
  Root: śyai (class 1)
• jala – water
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'nadīm' and 'gomatīm'.

नदीम् (nadīm) - river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river, stream

Feminine noun.

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Object of 'atarat'.

गोमतीम् (gomatīm) - the Gomati river

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gomatī

gomatī - name of a river, possessing cows/wealth

Feminine form of 'gomat' (rich in cattle/cows). Used as a river name.

Note: Object of 'atarat', in apposition to 'nadīm'.

गोयुतानूपाम् (goyutānūpām) - rich in cattle and lowlands (rich in cattle and lowlands, having cows and marshy ground)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of goyutānūpā

goyutānūpā - having cows and marshy ground (feminine)

Bahuvrihi compound: 'go' (cattle) + 'yuta' (joined, endowed with) + 'anūpa' (marshy ground, lowland). Means "one endowed with cattle and marshy ground".

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (go+yuta+anūpa)

• go – cow, cattle
  noun (masculine/feminine)
• yuta – joined, endowed with, possessed of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'yu' (to join), suffix -ta.
  Root: yu (class 2)
• anūpa – marshy land, lowland, watery ground
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: anu

Note: Agrees with 'nadīm' and 'gomatīm'.

अतरत् (atarat) - he crossed (he/she/it crossed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of tṛ

Imperfect third person singular

Augment 'a-' + root 'tṛ' (changed to 'tar') + 'at' suffix.

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: The subject is implicit (Rama).

सागरंगमाम् (sāgaraṁgamām) - flowing towards the ocean (going to the ocean, flowing to the ocean, leading to the ocean)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sāgaraṃgamā

sāgaraṁgamā - going to the ocean, flowing into the sea (feminine)

Compound: 'sāgara' (ocean) + 'gama' (going). Feminine form. Describes a river.

Compound type : Tatpurusha (sāgara+gamā)

• sāgara – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
• gamā – going, moving (feminine)
  adjective (feminine)
  Agent noun/feminine derivative of 'gama'
  From root 'gam' (to go) + suffix 'a'.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'nadīm' and 'gomatīm'.

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