वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-43, verse-4

शृण्वन् वाचो मनुष्याणां ग्रामसंवासवासिनाम् ।
राजानं धिग्दशरथं कामस्य वशमागतम् ॥४॥

4. śṛṇvan vāco manuṣyāṇāṃ grāmasaṃvāsavāsinām ,
rājānaṃ dhigdaśarathaṃ kāmasya vaśamāgatam.

4. śṛṇvan vācaḥ manuṣyāṇām grāmasaṃvāsavāsinām
rājānam dhik daśaratham kāmasya vaśam āgatam

4. grāmasaṃvāsavāsinām manuṣyāṇām vācaḥ śṛṇvan
rājānam daśaratham kāmasya vaśam āgatam dhik

4. Hearing the words of the people residing in the village settlements, (he heard them saying,) "Shame on King Dasharatha, who has fallen under the sway of desire (kāma)!"

Words meanings summery:

• शृण्वन् (śṛṇvan) - hearing, listening

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, speeches, voices

• मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - of men, of people

• ग्रामसंवासवासिनाम् (grāmasaṁvāsavāsinām) - of those residing in village settlements

• राजानम् (rājānam) - king

• धिक् (dhik) - shame on, woe to

• दशरथम् (daśaratham) - King Dasharatha, Rama's father (Dasharatha)

• कामस्य (kāmasya) - of desire, of lust

• वशम् (vaśam) - sway, control, power

• आगतम् (āgatam) - fallen under the sway (of desire) (come, attained, fallen into)

Words meanings and morphology

शृण्वन् (śṛṇvan) - hearing, listening

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śṛṇvat

śṛṇvat - hearing, listening

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `śru` (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Refers to Rama.

वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, speeches, voices

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word, language

Root: vac (class 2)

मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - of men, of people

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - man, human being, person

ग्रामसंवासवासिनाम् (grāmasaṁvāsavāsinām) - of those residing in village settlements

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of grāmasaṃvāsavāsin

grāmasaṁvāsavāsin - one residing in village settlements

Compound type : tatpurusha (grāmasaṃvāsa+vāsin)

• grāmasaṃvāsa – village settlement, residing in a village
  noun (masculine)
• vāsin – dweller, resident, inhabiting
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root `vas` (to dwell) with agent suffix `in`.
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Modifies `manuṣyāṇām`.

राजानम् (rājānam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

धिक् (dhik) - shame on, woe to

(indeclinable)

दशरथम् (daśaratham) - King Dasharatha, Rama's father (Dasharatha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Dasharatha (a celebrated king of Ayodhyā, father of Rama)

कामस्य (kāmasya) - of desire, of lust

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, longing, love, pleasure, sensual gratification

Root: kam (class 1)

वशम् (vaśam) - sway, control, power

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, power, control, authority, sway

आगतम् (āgatam) - fallen under the sway (of desire) (come, attained, fallen into)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached, obtained, fallen into

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `gam` (to go) with prefix `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies `daśaratham`.