वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-43, verse-10

गोमतीं चाप्यतिक्रम्य राघवः शीघ्रगैर्हयैः ।
मयूरहंसाभिरुतां ततार स्यन्दिकां नदीम् ॥१०॥

10. gomatīṃ cāpyatikramya rāghavaḥ śīghragairhayaiḥ ,
mayūrahaṃsābhirutāṃ tatāra syandikāṃ nadīm.

10. gomatīm ca api atikramya rāghavaḥ śīghragaiḥ
hayaiḥ mayūrahaṃsābhirutām tatāra syandikām nadīm

10. rāghavaḥ gomatīm ca api atikramya śīghragaiḥ
hayaiḥ mayūrahaṃsābhirutām syandikām nadīm tatāra

10. And having also crossed the Gomati, Rama (rāghavaḥ) then, with his swift-moving horses, crossed the Syandika river, which was resounding with the cries of peacocks and swans.

Words meanings summery:

• गोमतीम् (gomatīm) - the Gomati river

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, indeed)

• अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having crossed (having crossed, having surpassed)

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rama (descendant of Raghu, Rama)

• शीघ्रगैः (śīghragaiḥ) - by swift-moving (by swift-going, by fast-moving ones)

• हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses

• मयूरहंसाभिरुताम् (mayūrahaṁsābhirutām) - resounding with peacocks and swans

• ततार (tatāra) - he crossed (he/she/it crossed)

• स्यन्दिकाम् (syandikām) - the Syandika river

• नदीम् (nadīm) - river

Words meanings and morphology

गोमतीम् (gomatīm) - the Gomati river

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gomatī

gomatī - name of a river, possessing cows/wealth

Feminine form of 'gomat' (rich in cattle/cows). Used as a river name.

Note: Object of 'atikramya'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having crossed (having crossed, having surpassed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root 'kram' with prefix 'ati' and suffix '-ya' (for prefixed roots).

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rama (descendant of Raghu, Rama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - a descendant of Raghu, Rama

Patronymic from Raghu.

Note: Subject of 'tatāra'.

शीघ्रगैः (śīghragaiḥ) - by swift-moving (by swift-going, by fast-moving ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śīghraga

śīghraga - going swiftly, swift-moving

Compound 'śīghra' (swift) + 'ga' (going).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (śīghra+ga)

• śīghra – swift, quick, fast
  adjective (masculine)
• ga – going, moving (agent)
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root 'gam' (to go) + suffix 'a'.
  Root: gam (class 1)

हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Note: Indicates the means of crossing.

मयूरहंसाभिरुताम् (mayūrahaṁsābhirutām) - resounding with peacocks and swans

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mayūrahaṃsābhirutā

mayūrahaṁsābhirutā - resounding with peacocks and swans (feminine)

Compound: 'mayūra' (peacock) + 'haṃsa' (swan) + 'abhiruta' (resounding). Bahuvrihi compound meaning "that which is resounded by peacocks and swans".

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (mayūra+haṃsa+abhiruta)

• mayūra – peacock
  noun (masculine)
• haṃsa – swan, goose
  noun (masculine)
• abhiruta – resounded, filled with cries
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ru' (to cry, sound) with prefix 'abhi'.
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'syandikām' and 'nadīm'.

ततार (tatāra) - he crossed (he/she/it crossed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of tṛ

Perfect third person singular

Reduplicated perfect form of 'tṛ'.

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'rāghavaḥ'.

स्यन्दिकाम् (syandikām) - the Syandika river

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of syandikā

syandikā - name of a river

Feminine noun.

Note: Object of 'tatāra', in apposition to 'nadīm'.

नदीम् (nadīm) - river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river, stream

Feminine noun.

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Object of 'tatāra'.