वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-43, verse-3

ग्रामान् विकृष्टसीमांस्तान्पुष्पितानि वनानि च ।
पश्यन्नतिययौ शीघ्रं शरैरिव हयोत्तमैः ॥३॥

3. grāmān vikṛṣṭasīmāṃstānpuṣpitāni vanāni ca ,
paśyannatiyayau śīghraṃ śarairiva hayottamaiḥ.

3. grāmān vikṛṣṭasīmān tān puṣpitāni vanāni ca
paśyan atiyayau śīghram śaraiḥ iva hayauttamaiḥ

3. tān vikṛṣṭasīmān grāmān puṣpitāni vanāni ca paśyan,
śaraiḥ iva hayauttamaiḥ śīghram atiyayau

3. Beholding those villages with extensive boundaries and the flowering forests, he passed swiftly, like arrows or excellent horses.

Words meanings summery:

• ग्रामान् (grāmān) - villages

• विकृष्टसीमान् (vikṛṣṭasīmān) - having extended boundaries

• तान् (tān) - those (villages) (those)

• पुष्पितानि (puṣpitāni) - flowering, blossomed, in bloom

• वनानि (vanāni) - forests, groves

• च (ca) - and

• पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, beholding, looking at

• अतिययौ (atiyayau) - he passed by, he surpassed

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• हयौत्तमैः (hayauttamaiḥ) - by excellent horses

Words meanings and morphology

ग्रामान् (grāmān) - villages

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of grāma

grāma - village, hamlet, community

विकृष्टसीमान् (vikṛṣṭasīmān) - having extended boundaries

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vikṛṣṭasīma

vikṛṣṭasīma - having extended boundaries, having wide limits

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vikṛṣṭa+sīmā)

• vikṛṣṭa – extended, stretched, wide, drawn out
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `kṛṣ` (to draw) with prefix `vi`.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
• sīmā – boundary, limit, border
  noun (feminine)

Note: Modifies `grāmān`.

तान् (tān) - those (villages) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `grāmān`.

पुष्पितानि (puṣpitāni) - flowering, blossomed, in bloom

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, plural of puṣpita

puṣpita - flowering, blossomed, adorned with flowers

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `puṣp` (to blossom, flower).

Root: puṣp (class 4)

Note: Modifies `vanāni`.

वनानि (vanāni) - forests, groves

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, beholding, looking at

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, beholding

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `dṛś` (to see), with `paśya` as the present stem.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Refers to Rama.

अतिययौ (atiyayau) - he passed by, he surpassed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ati-i

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Derived from root `i` (to go) with prefix `ati`.

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śīghra

śīghra - quick, swift, rapid; quickly, swiftly

Note: Functions as an adverb.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed, shaft

Note: Used in a comparison for swiftness.

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

हयौत्तमैः (hayauttamaiḥ) - by excellent horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hayottama

hayottama - excellent horse, best of horses

Compound type : tatpurusha (haya+uttama)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective

Note: Used in a comparison for swiftness.

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