वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-25, verse-9

अतीव वातस्तिमिरं बुभुक्षा चात्र नित्यशः ।
भयानि च महान्त्यत्र ततो दुःखतरं वनम् ॥९॥

9. atīva vātastimiraṃ bubhukṣā cātra nityaśaḥ ,
bhayāni ca mahāntyatra tato duḥkhataraṃ vanam.

9. atīva vātaḥ timiram bubhukṣā ca atra nityaśaḥ
bhayāni ca mahānti atra tataḥ duḥkhataram vanam

9. atra atīva vātaḥ timiram bubhukṣā ca nityaśaḥ
atra mahānti bhayāni ca tataḥ vanam duḥkhataram

9. Here, there are always extreme winds, profound darkness, and constant hunger. Also, great dangers are present here. For these reasons, the forest is a place of greater misery.

Words meanings summery:

• अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly, very, greatly

• वातः (vātaḥ) - wind, air

• तिमिरम् (timiram) - darkness, gloom

• बुभुक्षा (bubhukṣā) - hunger, desire to eat

• च (ca) - and

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

• नित्यशः (nityaśaḥ) - constantly, always, perpetually

• भयानि (bhayāni) - fears, dangers

• च (ca) - and

• महान्ति (mahānti) - great, large, formidable

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, from that, thence

• दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more sorrowful, more miserable, more difficult

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

Words meanings and morphology

अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly, very, greatly

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'ati' (beyond, exceeding) with 'īva' (like, as if) or as an intensified form of 'ati'.

वातः (vātaḥ) - wind, air

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāta

vāta - wind, air, atmosphere

Derived from root 'vā' (to blow) with suffix 'kta' or 'ata'.

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'to be'.

तिमिरम् (timiram) - darkness, gloom

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of timira

timira - darkness, gloom, a disease of the eyes (cataract)

Derived from root 'tim' (to become still, become dark).

Root: tim (class 4)

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'to be'.

बुभुक्षा (bubhukṣā) - hunger, desire to eat

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bubhukṣā

bubhukṣā - hunger, desire for food, appetite

Desiderative noun

Formed as a desiderative noun from root 'bhuj' (to eat, enjoy).

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'to be'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

Derived from the pronominal stem 'idam' (this) with the suffix 'tral'.

नित्यशः (nityaśaḥ) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'nitya' (constant, eternal) with the suffix 'śas'.

भयानि (bhayāni) - fears, dangers

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, danger, apprehension

Derived from root 'bhī' (to fear) with suffix 'a'.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'to be'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

महान्ति (mahānti) - great, large, formidable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Participle form from root 'mah' (to grow, be great).

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhayāni'.

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

Derived from the pronominal stem 'idam' (this) with the suffix 'tral'.

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, from that, thence

(indeclinable)

Ablative adverb formed from pronominal stem 'tad' (that) with suffix 'tas'.

दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more sorrowful, more miserable, more difficult

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkhatara

duḥkhatara - more sorrowful, more difficult, more miserable

Comparative adjective formed from 'duḥkha' (sorrow, pain) with the comparative suffix 'tara'.

Note: Agrees with 'vanam'.

वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, water, abode

Derived from root 'van' (to love, desire, gain).

Root: van (class 8)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'to be'.

Previous Verse Next Verse