वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-25, verse-7

सुप्यते पर्णशय्यासु स्वयं भग्नासु भूतले ।
रात्रिषु श्रमखिन्नेन तस्माद्दुःखतरं वनम् ॥७॥

7. supyate parṇaśayyāsu svayaṃ bhagnāsu bhūtale ,
rātriṣu śramakhinnena tasmādduḥkhataraṃ vanam.

7. supyate parṇaśayyāsu svayam bhagnāsu bhūtale
rātriṣu śramakhinnena tasmāt duḥkhataram vanam

7. supyate rātriṣu śramakhinnena svayam bhagnāsu
parṇaśayyāsu bhūtale tasmāt vanam duḥkhataram

7. One sleeps on beds of leaves, gathered personally on the bare ground, during nights when one is weary from exertion (śrama). Therefore, the forest (vana) is even more miserable (duḥkhataram).

Words meanings summery:

• सुप्यते (supyate) - one (a person in the forest) sleeps (one sleeps, it is slept)

• पर्णशय्यासु (parṇaśayyāsu) - sleeping on beds made of leaves (on beds of leaves)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - leaves gathered by oneself (oneself, personally, by one's own efforts)

• भग्नासु (bhagnāsu) - on leaf beds broken/gathered by oneself (on those broken, on those gathered)

• भूतले (bhūtale) - sleeping directly on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

• रात्रिषु (rātriṣu) - sleeping during the night (implies cold, danger) (in the nights, during nights)

• श्रमखिन्नेन (śramakhinnena) - by the forest-dweller weary from daily activities (by one wearied by exertion/fatigue)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - because of these hardships (therefore, from that)

• दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - the forest is comparatively more miserable (more miserable, more painful)

• वनम् (vanam) - the forest (as a place of heightened misery) (forest)

Words meanings and morphology

सुप्यते (supyate) - one (a person in the forest) sleeps (one sleeps, it is slept)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of svap

Passive Present, 3rd Person Singular (impersonal)

root svap + ya (passive suffix) + te (middle ending)

Root: svap (class 1)

Note: Impersonal passive construction

पर्णशय्यासु (parṇaśayyāsu) - sleeping on beds made of leaves (on beds of leaves)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of parṇaśayyā

parṇaśayyā - bed of leaves

compound word

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parṇa+śayyā)

• parṇa – leaf, feather
  noun (neuter)
• śayyā – bed, couch, sleeping
  noun (feminine)
  Root: śī (class 2)

स्वयम् (svayam) - leaves gathered by oneself (oneself, personally, by one's own efforts)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies bhagnāsu

भग्नासु (bhagnāsu) - on leaf beds broken/gathered by oneself (on those broken, on those gathered)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, plural of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, crushed, gathered (as leaves)

Past Passive Participle

from root bhañj

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with parṇaśayyāsu

भूतले (bhūtale) - sleeping directly on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhūtala

bhūtala - surface of the earth, ground

compound word

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhū+tala)

• bhū – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, flat ground, level
  noun (neuter)

रात्रिषु (rātriṣu) - sleeping during the night (implies cold, danger) (in the nights, during nights)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Indicates time

श्रमखिन्नेन (śramakhinnena) - by the forest-dweller weary from daily activities (by one wearied by exertion/fatigue)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śramakhinna

śramakhinna - wearied by exertion, fatigued by toil

compound word

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śrama+khinna)

• śrama – exertion, toil, fatigue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śram (class 4)
• khinna – wearied, tired, exhausted
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root khid
  Root: khid (class 6)

Note: Agent in impersonal passive construction, agreeing with implied 'tena' (by him)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - because of these hardships (therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative form used adverbially to mean 'therefore'

दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - the forest is comparatively more miserable (more miserable, more painful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkhatara

duḥkhatara - more miserable, more painful, worse

comparative degree of duḥkha

Note: Predicate adjective with 'vanam'

वनम् (vanam) - the forest (as a place of heightened misery) (forest)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Note: Subject of implied verb 'asti' (is)