वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-25, verse-13

द्रुमाः कण्टकिनश्चैव कुशकाशाश्च भामिनि ।
वने व्याकुलशाखाग्रास्तेन दुःखतरं वनम् ॥१३॥

13. drumāḥ kaṇṭakinaścaiva kuśakāśāśca bhāmini ,
vane vyākulaśākhāgrāstena duḥkhataraṃ vanam.

13. drumāḥ kaṇṭakinaḥ ca eva kuśakāśāḥ ca bhāmini
vane vyākulaśākhāgrāḥ tena duḥkhataram vanam

13. bhāmini drumāḥ kaṇṭakinaḥ ca eva kuśakāśāḥ ca
vane vyākulaśākhāgrāḥ tena vanam duḥkhataram

13. O beautiful woman, the trees are thorny, and there are kuśa and kāśa grasses (in the forest). In the forest, the tips of their branches are tangled. For this reason, the forest is even more miserable.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रुमाः (drumāḥ) - trees

• कण्टकिनः (kaṇṭakinaḥ) - thorny, full of thorns

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• कुशकाशाः (kuśakāśāḥ) - Kuśa grass and Kāśa grass

• च (ca) - and

• भामिनि (bhāmini) - O beautiful woman, O passionate woman

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• व्याकुलशाखाग्राः (vyākulaśākhāgrāḥ) - with tangled branch-tips, having agitated branch-tips

• तेन (tena) - by that, by this, therefore

• दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more sorrowful, more miserable

• वनम् (vanam) - forest

Words meanings and morphology

द्रुमाः (drumāḥ) - trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of druma

druma - a tree, a plant

कण्टकिनः (kaṇṭakinaḥ) - thorny, full of thorns

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaṇṭakin

kaṇṭakin - thorny, having thorns, a prickly plant

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

कुशकाशाः (kuśakāśāḥ) - Kuśa grass and Kāśa grass

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuśakāśa

kuśakāśa - Kuśa grass and Kāśa grass (two types of sacred or sharp grasses)

Compound type : dvandva (kuśa+kāśa)

• kuśa – a type of sacred grass (Poa cynosuroides)
  noun (masculine)
• kāśa – a type of tall grass (Saccharum spontaneum), reed
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भामिनि (bhāmini) - O beautiful woman, O passionate woman

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bhāminī

bhāminī - a passionate woman, an angry woman, a beautiful woman, a lady

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - a forest, wood, grove, thicket

व्याकुलशाखाग्राः (vyākulaśākhāgrāḥ) - with tangled branch-tips, having agitated branch-tips

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyākulaśākhāgra

vyākulaśākhāgra - having agitated or tangled branch-tips

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vyākula+śākhāgra)

• vyākula – agitated, confused, disordered, tangled
  adjective
• śākhāgra – branch-tip, end of a branch
  noun (neuter)

तेन (tena) - by that, by this, therefore

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'for this reason, therefore'.

दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more sorrowful, more miserable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkhatara

duḥkhatara - more painful, more sorrowful, more miserable (comparative of duḥkha)

Comparative suffix -tara added to duḥkha

वनम् (vanam) - forest

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - a forest, wood, grove, thicket