वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-25, verse-6

गिरिनिर्झरसंभूता गिरिकन्दरवासिनाम् ।
सिंहानां निनदा दुःखाः श्रोतुं दुःखमतो वनम् ॥६॥

6. girinirjharasaṃbhūtā girikandaravāsinām ,
siṃhānāṃ ninadā duḥkhāḥ śrotuṃ duḥkhamato vanam.

6. girinirjharasaṃbhūtāḥ girikandaravāsinām siṃhānām
ninadāḥ duḥkhāḥ śrotum duḥkham ataḥ vanam

6. girinirjharasaṃbhūtāḥ ninadāḥ girikandaravāsinām
siṃhānām duḥkhāḥ śrotum ataḥ vanam duḥkham

6. The sounds (ninada) produced by mountain springs and the roars of lions dwelling in mountain caves (girikandaravāsinām) are painful to hear. Therefore, the forest (vana) is a source of misery (duḥkha).

Words meanings summery:

• गिरिनिर्झरसंभूताः (girinirjharasaṁbhūtāḥ) - sounds born from mountain springs (born from mountain springs/waterfalls)

• गिरिकन्दरवासिनाम् (girikandaravāsinām) - of lions dwelling in mountain caves (of those dwelling in mountain caves)

• सिंहानाम् (siṁhānām) - of the lions dwelling in mountain caves (of lions)

• निनदाः (ninadāḥ) - the roars of the lions (roars, sounds, cries)

• दुःखाः (duḥkhāḥ) - the roars are painful (painful, miserable, sorrowful)

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - painful to hear (to hear)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - the forest is misery (suffering, misery)

• अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, for this reason (therefore, hence, from this)

• वनम् (vanam) - the forest as a miserable place (forest)

Words meanings and morphology

गिरिनिर्झरसंभूताः (girinirjharasaṁbhūtāḥ) - sounds born from mountain springs (born from mountain springs/waterfalls)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of girinirjharasaṃbhūta

girinirjharasaṁbhūta - produced/born from mountain springs

compound word

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (giri+nirjhara+saṃbhūta)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• nirjhara – waterfall, mountain stream, cascade
  noun (masculine)
• saṃbhūta – produced, born, arisen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root bhū with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ninadāḥ'

गिरिकन्दरवासिनाम् (girikandaravāsinām) - of lions dwelling in mountain caves (of those dwelling in mountain caves)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of girikandaravāsin

girikandaravāsin - dweller in mountain caves

compound word

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (girikandara+vāsin)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• kandara – cave, cavern
  noun (neuter)
• vāsin – dwelling, inhabitant
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from verb 'vas' (to dwell)
  From root 'vas' (to dwell) + -in suffix
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Refers to the lions

सिंहानाम् (siṁhānām) - of the lions dwelling in mountain caves (of lions)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of siṃha

siṁha - lion

Note: Possessive case with ninadāḥ

निनदाः (ninadāḥ) - the roars of the lions (roars, sounds, cries)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ninada

ninada - roar, sound, cry, noise

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied verb 'santi' (are)

दुःखाः (duḥkhāḥ) - the roars are painful (painful, miserable, sorrowful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, misery, sorrow, pain

Note: Agrees with ninadāḥ

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - painful to hear (to hear)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

root śru + tum suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Infinitive expressing purpose/relation to adjective

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - the forest is misery (suffering, misery)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, misery, sorrow, pain

Note: Predicate nominative with 'vanam'

अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, for this reason (therefore, hence, from this)

(indeclinable)

वनम् (vanam) - the forest as a miserable place (forest)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Note: Subject of implied verb 'asti' (is)