वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-15, verse-2

स गृहैरभ्रसंकाशैः पाण्डुरैरुपशोभितम् ।
राजमार्गं ययौ रामो मध्येनागरुधूपितम् ॥२॥

2. sa gṛhairabhrasaṃkāśaiḥ pāṇḍurairupaśobhitam ,
rājamārgaṃ yayau rāmo madhyenāgarudhūpitam.

2. saḥ gṛhaiḥ abhrasaṅkāśaiḥ pāṇḍuraiḥ upaśobhitam
rājamārgam yayau rāmaḥ madhyena agarudhūpitam

2. saḥ rāmaḥ gṛhaiḥ abhrasaṅkāśaiḥ pāṇḍuraiḥ
upaśobhitam madhyena agarudhūpitam rājamārgam yayau

2. Rāma proceeded along the royal road, which was beautified by cloud-like, white houses and fragrant in its center with agarwood incense.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• गृहैः (gṛhaiḥ) - by houses

• अभ्रसङ्काशैः (abhrasaṅkāśaiḥ) - cloud-like, resembling clouds

• पाण्डुरैः (pāṇḍuraiḥ) - white, pale

• उपशोभितम् (upaśobhitam) - adorned, beautified

• राजमार्गम् (rājamārgam) - royal road, highway

• ययौ (yayau) - went

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

• मध्येन (madhyena) - through the middle, in the middle

• अगरुधूपितम् (agarudhūpitam) - perfumed/incensed with agarwood

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāma.

गृहैः (gṛhaiḥ) - by houses

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of gṛha

gṛha - house, home

Note: Agent in passive construction (with 'upaśobhitam').

अभ्रसङ्काशैः (abhrasaṅkāśaiḥ) - cloud-like, resembling clouds

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of abhrasaṅkāśa

abhrasaṅkāśa - cloud-like, resembling a cloud

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (abhra+saṅkāśa)

• abhra – cloud, sky
  noun (neuter)
• saṅkāśa – resembling, like, appearing as
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from root kāś ('to appear, shine') with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'gṛhaiḥ'.

पाण्डुरैः (pāṇḍuraiḥ) - white, pale

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of pāṇḍura

pāṇḍura - white, pale yellow, pale

Note: Modifies 'gṛhaiḥ'.

उपशोभितम् (upaśobhitam) - adorned, beautified

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upaśobhita

upaśobhita - adorned, embellished, beautified

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śubh ('to shine') with prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle functioning as an adjective for 'rājamārgam'.

राजमार्गम् (rājamārgam) - royal road, highway

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājamārga

rājamārga - royal road, main road, highway

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+mārga)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• mārga – road, path, way
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root mṛj ('to clean, wipe').
  Root: mṛj (class 2)

Note: Object of 'yayau'.

ययौ (yayau) - went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of yā

Perfect tense, 3rd singular

Reduplicated perfect form (Lit la-kāra).

Root: yā (class 2)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of a legendary king), pleasing, dark-colored

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb 'yayau'.

मध्येन (madhyena) - through the middle, in the middle

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, center

Note: Indicates means or location 'through the middle'.

अगरुधूपितम् (agarudhūpitam) - perfumed/incensed with agarwood

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of agarudhūpita

agarudhūpita - perfumed with agarwood

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (agaru+dhūpita)

• agaru – agarwood, eaglewood
  noun (neuter)
• dhūpita – perfumed, incensed, fumed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhūp ('to fumigate, perfume').
  Root: dhūp (class 10)

Note: Past Passive Participle functioning as an adjective for 'rājamārgam'.