वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-15, verse-11

सर्वेषां स हि धर्मात्मा वर्णानां कुरुते दयाम् ।
चतुर्णां हि वयःस्थानां तेन ते तमनुव्रताः ॥११॥

11. sarveṣāṃ sa hi dharmātmā varṇānāṃ kurute dayām ,
caturṇāṃ hi vayaḥsthānāṃ tena te tamanuvratāḥ.

11. sarveṣām saḥ hi dharmātmā varṇānām kurute dayām
caturṇām hi vayaḥsthānām tena te tam anuvratāḥ

11. hi saḥ dharmātmā sarveṣām varṇānām caturṇām hi
vayaḥsthānām dayām kurute tena te tam anuvratāḥ

11. Indeed, he, whose nature is righteousness (dharma), shows compassion to all four social classes (varṇa) and to those in the different stages of life. Therefore, they are devoted to him.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - to all (of all, to all)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - whose nature is righteousness (dharma) (righteous-souled, whose nature is righteousness)

• वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of social classes (varṇa) (of social classes, of colors, of forms)

• कुरुते (kurute) - he shows (compassion) (he does, he makes, he performs)

• दयाम् (dayām) - compassion (compassion, kindness, mercy)

• चतुर्णाम् (caturṇām) - of the four

• हि (hi) - indeed (emphasizing) (indeed, surely, for)

• वयःस्थानाम् (vayaḥsthānām) - of those in the (four) stages of life (of those in stages of life, of those of different ages)

• तेन (tena) - therefore (by him, with him, therefore)

• ते (te) - they (the people of the varnas and asramas) (they, those)

• तम् (tam) - him (him, that)

• अनुव्रताः (anuvratāḥ) - devoted followers (devoted, obedient, followers)

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - to all (of all, to all)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rama.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - whose nature is righteousness (dharma) (righteous-souled, whose nature is righteousness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous-souled, whose nature is dharma

bahuvrīhi compound: dharma (righteousness) + ātman (self/nature)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  from dhṛ (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of social classes (varṇa) (of social classes, of colors, of forms)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, outward appearance, social class, caste, quality

from vṛ (to cover, enclose)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Refers to the four traditional social divisions.

कुरुते (kurute) - he shows (compassion) (he does, he makes, he performs)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present middle, 3rd person singular

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दयाम् (dayām) - compassion (compassion, kindness, mercy)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dayā

dayā - compassion, kindness, mercy, pity

from day (to pity)

Root: day (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kurute'.

चतुर्णाम् (caturṇām) - of the four

(numeral)

Note: Refers to the four stages of life (āśrama).

हि (hi) - indeed (emphasizing) (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

वयःस्थानाम् (vayaḥsthānām) - of those in the (four) stages of life (of those in stages of life, of those of different ages)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vayaḥsthā

vayaḥsthā - one who stands in a certain age/stage of life

upapada compound: vayas (age/life-stage) + sthā (standing)

Compound type : upapada (vayas+sthā)

• vayas – age, life, period of life
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vi (class 1)
• sthā – standing, being, abiding
  adjective (masculine)
  root noun
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to the four āśramas: brahmacarya, gārhasthya, vānaprastha, saṃnyāsa.

तेन (tena) - therefore (by him, with him, therefore)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used in the sense of 'for that reason' or 'therefore'.

ते (te) - they (the people of the varnas and asramas) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'all' previously mentioned.

तम् (tam) - him (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'anuvratāḥ' (followers of him).

अनुव्रताः (anuvratāḥ) - devoted followers (devoted, obedient, followers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anuvrata

anuvrata - devoted, obedient, follower, observing a vow

from anu- + vrata (vow, observance)

Prefix: anu

Root: vṛ (class 1)