वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-15, verse-1

स रामो रथमास्थाय संप्रहृष्टसुहृज्जनः ।
अपश्यन्नगरं श्रीमान्नानाजनसमाकुलम् ॥१॥

1. sa rāmo rathamāsthāya saṃprahṛṣṭasuhṛjjanaḥ ,
apaśyannagaraṃ śrīmānnānājanasamākulam.

1. saḥ rāmaḥ ratham āsthāya saṃprahṛṣṭasuhṛjjanaḥ
apaśyat nagaram śrīmān nānājanasamākulam

1. saḥ śrīmān rāmaḥ saṃprahṛṣṭasuhṛjjanaḥ ratham
āsthāya nānājanasamākulam nagaram apaśyat

1. That glorious Rāma, with his companions gladdened, mounted a chariot and beheld the city, bustling with diverse people.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having ascended

• संप्रहृष्टसुहृज्जनः (saṁprahṛṣṭasuhṛjjanaḥ) - whose friends were delighted, with joyous companions

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - saw, beheld

• नगरम् (nagaram) - city, town

• श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious, prosperous, beautiful

• नानाजनसमाकुलम् (nānājanasamākulam) - crowded with various people

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāma.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of a legendary king), pleasing, dark-colored

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb 'apaśyat'.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Object of 'āsthāya'.

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having ascended

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root sthā ('to stand') with prefix ā, followed by -tvā (replaced by -ya when prefixed).

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund).

संप्रहृष्टसुहृज्जनः (saṁprahṛṣṭasuhṛjjanaḥ) - whose friends were delighted, with joyous companions

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃprahṛṣṭasuhṛjjana

saṁprahṛṣṭasuhṛjjana - having friends who are delighted

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃprahṛṣṭa+suhṛjjana)

• saṃprahṛṣṭa – very delighted, overjoyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root hṛṣ ('to be excited, rejoice') with prefixes sam and pra.
  Prefixes: sam+pra
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)
• suhṛjjana – friend, companion (lit. 'good-hearted people')
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective for Rāma.

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect tense, 3rd singular

Augmented imperfect form from root dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नगरम् (nagaram) - city, town

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Object of 'apaśyat'.

श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious, prosperous, beautiful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīmat

śrīmat - glorious, splendid, prosperous, beautiful

Possessive suffix -mat.

Note: Adjective for Rāma.

नानाजनसमाकुलम् (nānājanasamākulam) - crowded with various people

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nānājanasamākula

nānājanasamākula - crowded with various kinds of people

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nānājana+samākula)

• nānā – various, diverse
  indeclinable
• jana – person, people
  noun (masculine)
• samākula – crowded, filled, confused
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from root kul ('to gather') with prefixes sam and ā.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: kul (class 1)

Note: Adjective for 'nagaram'.