महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-23, verse-9

तस्य सेनासमूहस्य मध्ये द्रोणः सुरक्षितः ।
निहतः पार्षतेनाजौ किमन्यद्भागधेयतः ॥९॥

9. tasya senāsamūhasya madhye droṇaḥ surakṣitaḥ ,
nihataḥ pārṣatenājau kimanyadbhāgadheyataḥ.

9. tasya senāsamūhasya madhye droṇaḥ surakṣitaḥ
nihataḥ pārṣatena ājau kim anyat bhāgadheyataḥ

9. tasya senāsamūhasya madhye surakṣitaḥ droṇaḥ
ājau pārṣatena nihataḥ anyat kim bhāgadheyataḥ

9. Even Drona, who was well-protected amidst that multitude of armies, was slain in battle by the son of Pṛṣata (Dhṛṣṭadyumna). What else can this be but the work of destiny (bhāgadheya)?

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of that, his

• सेनासमूहस्य (senāsamūhasya) - of the multitude of armies, of the army-collection

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, amidst, among

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (a prominent guru and warrior in the Mahabharata)

• सुरक्षितः (surakṣitaḥ) - well-protected, safely guarded

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - slain, killed, struck down

• पार्षतेन (pārṣatena) - by Dhṛṣṭadyumna (son of Drupada, who was son of Pṛṣata) (by the son of Pṛṣata)

• आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in combat, in conflict

• किम् (kim) - what? why? what else?

• अन्यत् (anyat) - other, another, anything else

• भागधेयतः (bhāgadheyataḥ) - from destiny, by fate

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of that, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Can also be neuter genitive singular.

सेनासमूहस्य (senāsamūhasya) - of the multitude of armies, of the army-collection

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of senāsamūha

senāsamūha - multitude of armies, army-collection

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (senā+samūha)

• senā – army, host, force
  noun (feminine)
• samūha – multitude, collection, mass, heap
  noun (masculine)

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, amidst, among

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative singular of 'madhya' used adverbially.

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (a prominent guru and warrior in the Mahabharata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Droṇa

Droṇa - Drona (a guru and military commander in the Mahabharata, master of archery)

सुरक्षितः (surakṣitaḥ) - well-protected, safely guarded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of surakṣita

surakṣita - well-protected, well-guarded, safe

Past Passive Participle

Participle formed from root rakṣ (to protect) with prefix su- (well) and suffix -ta.

Prefix: su

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

निहतः (nihataḥ) - slain, killed, struck down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Participle formed from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

पार्षतेन (pārṣatena) - by Dhṛṣṭadyumna (son of Drupada, who was son of Pṛṣata) (by the son of Pṛṣata)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of Pārṣata

Pārṣata - son of Pṛṣata, descendant of Pṛṣata

Derived from Pṛṣata (an ancient king, father of Drupada), referring to Dhṛṣṭadyumna.

Note: Refers to Dhṛṣṭadyumna, who slew Drona.

आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in combat, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āji

āji - battle, combat, contest, struggle

किम् (kim) - what? why? what else?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, how

Note: Used here in an interrogative sense, implying 'what else could it be?'

अन्यत् (anyat) - other, another, anything else

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

भागधेयतः (bhāgadheyataḥ) - from destiny, by fate

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhāgadheya

bhāgadheya - share, portion, fortune, destiny, lot

Ablative suffix -tas added to the noun bhāgadheya, indicating origin or cause.

Note: The suffix -taḥ indicates an ablative sense ('from, by means of').