महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-23, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
व्यथयेयुरिमे सेनां देवानामपि संयुगे ।
आहवे ये न्यवर्तन्त वृकोदरमुखा रथाः ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
vyathayeyurime senāṁ devānāmapi saṁyuge ,
āhave ye nyavartanta vṛkodaramukhā rathāḥ.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca vyathayeyuḥ ime senām devānām api
saṃyuge āhave ye ni avartanta vṛkodaramukhāḥ rathāḥ

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca ime vṛkodaramukhāḥ rathāḥ ye āhave
ni avartanta devānām api senām saṃyuge vyathayeyuḥ

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: 'These chariots, led by Vṛkodara (Bhīma), which did not retreat in battle, could indeed shake even the army of the gods in combat.'

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• व्यथयेयुः (vyathayeyuḥ) - they might/could distress, they would disturb

• इमे (ime) - these

• सेनाम् (senām) - army

• देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

• अपि (api) - even, also

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in war

• ये (ye) - who, which

• नि (ni) - as a preverb (part of `ni-avartanta`) indicating turning back or retreating (down, into, in)

• अवर्तन्त (avartanta) - they did not turn back, they did not retreat (with an implied negation from the context of praising their prowess) (they turned, they remained, they retreated)

• वृकोदरमुखाः (vṛkodaramukhāḥ) - with Vṛkodara (Bhīma) as their leader (led by Vṛkodara, having Vṛkodara at the head)

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name, 'one who holds the kingdom', blind king)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

From root 'vac' (to speak). Liṭ (perfect) form.

Root: vac (class 2)

व्यथयेयुः (vyathayeyuḥ) - they might/could distress, they would disturb

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of vyath

Optative mode, 3rd person plural, active voice (causative)

Optative mood of the causative form of root 'vyath' (to be agitated).

Root: vyath (class 1)

इमे (ime) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these (masculine nominative plural)

सेनाम् (senām) - army

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, forces

देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, conflict

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, encounter

ये (ye) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which (masculine)

नि (ni) - as a preverb (part of `ni-avartanta`) indicating turning back or retreating (down, into, in)

(indeclinable)

अवर्तन्त (avartanta) - they did not turn back, they did not retreat (with an implied negation from the context of praising their prowess) (they turned, they remained, they retreated)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice (ātmanepada)

From root 'vṛt' (to turn, roll) in Laṅ (imperfect) middle voice. With prefix 'ni', it generally means 'to turn back' or 'to retreat'.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: See contextual_meaning and word_base_data_json notes.

वृकोदरमुखाः (vṛkodaramukhāḥ) - with Vṛkodara (Bhīma) as their leader (led by Vṛkodara, having Vṛkodara at the head)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛkodaramukha

vṛkodaramukha - having Vṛkodara (Bhīma) as the chief/leader

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vṛkodara+mukha)

• vṛkodara – Vṛkodara (proper name, 'wolf-bellied', epithet of Bhīma)
  proper noun (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front, leader
  noun (neuter)

रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car