महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-23, verse-13

नृशंसं तु परं तत्स्यात्त्यक्त्वा दुर्योधनं यदि ।
पुत्रशेषं चिकीर्षेयं कृच्छ्रं न मरणं भवेत् ॥१३॥

13. nṛśaṁsaṁ tu paraṁ tatsyāttyaktvā duryodhanaṁ yadi ,
putraśeṣaṁ cikīrṣeyaṁ kṛcchraṁ na maraṇaṁ bhavet.

13. nṛśaṃsam tu param tat syāt tyaktvā duryodhanam yadi
putraśeṣam cikīrṣeyam kṛcchram na maraṇam bhavet

13. yadi duṛyodhanam tyaktvā putraśeṣam cikīrṣeyam
tat param nṛśaṃsam syāt maraṇam kṛcchram na bhavet

13. If, having abandoned Duryodhana, I were to wish for the survival of my remaining sons, that would indeed be extreme cruelty; death would not be a hardship.

Words meanings summery:

• नृशंसम् (nṛśaṁsam) - cruelty (cruel, wicked, brutal; cruelty, wickedness)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• परम् (param) - extreme (supreme, greatest, extreme)

• तत् (tat) - that (that, this)

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be (may be, should be, would be)

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having forsaken)

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

• यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

• पुत्रशेषम् (putraśeṣam) - the survival of my remaining sons (remainder of sons, surviving sons)

• चिकीर्षेयम् (cikīrṣeyam) - I were to wish for (I would wish to do, I would desire to do)

• कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - a hardship (difficult, hard, painful; hardship, difficulty)

• न (na) - not

• मरणम् (maraṇam) - death (death, dying)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would be (it would be, it should be)

Words meanings and morphology

नृशंसम् (nṛśaṁsam) - cruelty (cruel, wicked, brutal; cruelty, wickedness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nṛśaṃsa

nṛśaṁsa - cruel, wicked, brutal; cruelty, wickedness

Note: Refers to the act described by the 'yadi' clause.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

परम् (param) - extreme (supreme, greatest, extreme)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, best, extreme

तत् (tat) - that (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Correlative to 'yadi' clause.

स्यात् (syāt) - would be (may be, should be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative Mood, Active Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

From root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the consequence clause.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having forsaken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā from root tyaj (to abandon).

Root: tyaj (class 1)

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'.

यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

(indeclinable)

Conditional conjunction.

पुत्रशेषम् (putraśeṣam) - the survival of my remaining sons (remainder of sons, surviving sons)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putraśeṣa

putraśeṣa - remainder of sons, surviving sons

Compound: putra (son) + śeṣa (remainder, remnant).

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+śeṣa)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• śeṣa – remainder, remnant, what is left
  noun (masculine)
  From root śiṣ (to leave remaining)
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

चिकीर्षेयम् (cikīrṣeyam) - I were to wish for (I would wish to do, I would desire to do)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (desiderative) (liṅ) of cikīrṣ

Desiderative, Optative Mood, Active Voice, 1st Person, Singular

Desiderative of root kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Main verb of the conditional clause.

कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - a hardship (difficult, hard, painful; hardship, difficulty)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficult, hard, painful; hardship, difficulty, distress

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'bhavet'.

मरणम् (maraṇam) - death (death, dying)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying

Noun of action from root mṛ (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

भवेत् (bhavet) - would be (it would be, it should be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

Optative Mood, Active Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

From root bhū (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second consequence clause.