महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-23, verse-17

व्यक्तमेव च मे शंस यथा युद्धमवर्तत ।
केऽयुध्यन्के व्यपाकर्षन्के क्षुद्राः प्राद्रवन्भयात् ॥१७॥

17. vyaktameva ca me śaṁsa yathā yuddhamavartata ,
ke'yudhyanke vyapākarṣanke kṣudrāḥ prādravanbhayāt.

17. vyaktam eva ca me śaṃsa yathā yuddham avartata ke
ayudhyan ke vyapākarṣan ke kṣudrāḥ prādravan bhayāt

17. ca me vyaktam eva śaṃsa yathā yuddham avartata ke
ayudhyan ke vyapākarṣan ke kṣudrāḥ bhayāt prādravan

17. And indeed, tell me clearly how the battle unfolded. Who fought, who withdrew, and who, being petty, fled in fear?

Words meanings summery:

• व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - clearly (clearly, distinctly)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just (indeed, just, only)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, my)

• शंस (śaṁsa) - tell (narrate, tell, declare)

• यथा (yathā) - how (how, as, in which way)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - the battle (battle, war)

• अवर्तत (avartata) - unfolded (proceeded, happened, occurred)

• के (ke) - who (who (plural))

• अयुध्यन् (ayudhyan) - fought (they fought)

• के (ke) - who (who (plural))

• व्यपाकर्षन् (vyapākarṣan) - withdrew (they retreated, drew back)

• के (ke) - who (who (plural))

• क्षुद्राः (kṣudrāḥ) - petty (petty, low, cowardly (plural))

• प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - fled (they fled, ran away)

• भयात् (bhayāt) - in fear (from fear)

Words meanings and morphology

व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - clearly (clearly, distinctly)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √añj (to anoint, manifest) with prefix vi-, often used adverbially.

Prefix: vi

Root: añj (class 7)

एव (eva) - indeed, just (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - to me (to me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Dative case, object of 'śaṃsa'.

शंस (śaṁsa) - tell (narrate, tell, declare)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śaṃs

imperative active

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - how (how, as, in which way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a subordinate clause.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - the battle (battle, war)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Derived from √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'avartata'.

अवर्तत (avartata) - unfolded (proceeded, happened, occurred)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

imperfect middle

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The augmented form 'a-vartata'.

के (ke) - who (who (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Subject of the following verbs.

अयुध्यन् (ayudhyan) - fought (they fought)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

imperfect active

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: The augmented form 'a-yudhyan'.

के (ke) - who (who (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Subject of the following verbs.

व्यपाकर्षन् (vyapākarṣan) - withdrew (they retreated, drew back)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyapākṛṣ

imperfect active

Derived from √kṛṣ (to pull, draw) with prefixes vi- and apa-.

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

के (ke) - who (who (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Subject of the following verbs.

क्षुद्राः (kṣudrāḥ) - petty (petty, low, cowardly (plural))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣudra

kṣudra - small, petty, mean, low, insignificant

Note: Agrees with 'ke'.

प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - fled (they fled, ran away)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prādrav

imperfect active

Derived from √dru (to run) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

भयात् (bhayāt) - in fear (from fear)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, terror

Note: Indicates cause or source.