महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-23, verse-16

कथं स्यादवशेषं हि धुर्ययोरभ्यतीतयोः ।
यौ नित्यमनुजीवामः क्षमिणौ पुरुषर्षभौ ॥१६॥

16. kathaṁ syādavaśeṣaṁ hi dhuryayorabhyatītayoḥ ,
yau nityamanujīvāmaḥ kṣamiṇau puruṣarṣabhau.

16. katham syāt avaśeṣam hi dhuryayoḥ abhyatītayoḥ
yau nityam anujīvāmaḥ kṣamiṇau puruṣarṣabhau

16. hi yau kṣamiṇau puruṣarṣabhau nityam anujīvāmaḥ
dhuryayoḥ abhyatītayoḥ katham avaśeṣam syāt

16. Indeed, how can there be any remnant when the two leaders (puruṣa) — patient and best among men — on whom we always depend, have departed?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

• स्यात् (syāt) - can there be (may be, let there be, would be)

• अवशेषम् (avaśeṣam) - remnant (remnant, remainder)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• धुर्ययोः (dhuryayoḥ) - of the two leaders (of the two leaders, of the two principal persons)

• अभ्यतीतयोः (abhyatītayoḥ) - when the two have departed (of the two departed, passed away)

• यौ (yau) - whom (the two) (whom (dual))

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly)

• अनुजीवामः (anujīvāmaḥ) - we depend on (we live after, we depend on)

• क्षमिणौ (kṣamiṇau) - patient (patient, forbearing (dual))

• पुरुषर्षभौ (puruṣarṣabhau) - best among men (puruṣa) (best of men, foremost among men (dual))

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - can there be (may be, let there be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

optative active

Root: as (class 2)

अवशेषम् (avaśeṣam) - remnant (remnant, remainder)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avaśeṣa

avaśeṣa - remnant, remainder

Prefix: ava

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

धुर्ययोः (dhuryayoḥ) - of the two leaders (of the two leaders, of the two principal persons)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of dhurya

dhurya - leader, principal, bearing the burden

Note: Forms a genitive absolute construction with abhyatītayoḥ.

अभ्यतीतयोः (abhyatītayoḥ) - when the two have departed (of the two departed, passed away)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of abhyatīta

abhyatīta - gone past, departed, deceased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √i (to go) with prefixes abhi- and ati-.

Prefixes: abhi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with dhuryayoḥ in a genitive absolute construction.

यौ (yau) - whom (the two) (whom (dual))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yad

yad - who, which

Note: Refers to the two leaders/puruṣarṣabhau. Can be Nominative or Accusative dual.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use.

अनुजीवामः (anujīvāmaḥ) - we depend on (we live after, we depend on)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of anujīv

present active

Root √jīv (to live) with prefix anu-.

Prefix: anu

Root: jīv (class 1)

क्षमिणौ (kṣamiṇau) - patient (patient, forbearing (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kṣamin

kṣamin - patient, enduring, forbearing

Nominal stem ending in -in, derived from √kṣam (to endure, be patient).

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the two leaders/puruṣarṣabhau.

पुरुषर्षभौ (puruṣarṣabhau) - best among men (puruṣa) (best of men, foremost among men (dual))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - best of men, bull among men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, cosmic person
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the two leaders.