महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-23, verse-19

यथासीच्च निवृत्तेषु पाण्डवेषु च संजय ।
मम सैन्यावशेषस्य संनिपातः सुदारुणः ।
मामकानां च ये शूराः कांस्तत्र समवारयन् ॥१९॥

19. yathāsīcca nivṛtteṣu pāṇḍaveṣu ca saṁjaya ,
mama sainyāvaśeṣasya saṁnipātaḥ sudāruṇaḥ ,
māmakānāṁ ca ye śūrāḥ kāṁstatra samavārayan.

19. yathā āsīt ca nivṛtteṣu pāṇḍaveṣu
ca saṃjaya mama sainyāvaśeṣasya
saṃnipātaḥ sudāruṇaḥ māmakānām
ca ye śūrāḥ kān tatra samavārayan

19. saṃjaya yathā ca pāṇḍaveṣu
nivṛtteṣu mama sainyāvaśeṣasya
sudāruṇaḥ saṃnipātaḥ āsīt ca ye
māmakānām śūrāḥ tatra kān samavārayan

19. And tell me, Sanjaya, how, when the Pāṇḍavas had retreated, a most terrible encounter (saṃnipāta) occurred involving the remainder of my army. And which of my brave warriors obstructed them there?

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• निवृत्तेषु (nivṛtteṣu) - when (they) had retreated (when retreated, when turned back)

• पाण्डवेषु (pāṇḍaveṣu) - when the Pāṇḍavas (among the sons of Pāṇḍu, regarding the Pāṇḍavas)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Addressing Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (vocative))

• मम (mama) - my (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's army) (my, mine)

• सैन्यावशेषस्य (sainyāvaśeṣasya) - of the remainder of my army (of the remnant of the army)

• संनिपातः (saṁnipātaḥ) - a fierce battle/encounter (saṃnipāta) (meeting, encounter, falling together)

• सुदारुणः (sudāruṇaḥ) - most terrible (very terrible, exceedingly cruel)

• मामकानाम् (māmakānām) - of my (Kaurava) warriors (of my people, of my men)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• ये (ye) - who (among my warriors) (who, which (plural masculine))

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave warriors (brave, valorous (masculine plural))

• कान् (kān) - whom (among the Pandavas) (whom? which ones?)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (on the battlefield) (there, in that place)

• समवारयन् (samavārayan) - they obstructed, they checked, they prevented

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how)

(indeclinable)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

निवृत्तेषु (nivṛtteṣu) - when (they) had retreated (when retreated, when turned back)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - returned, turned back, ceased, retreated

Past Passive Participle

ni + vṛt (to turn) + kta (passive participle)

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'pāṇḍaveṣu'

पाण्डवेषु (pāṇḍaveṣu) - when the Pāṇḍavas (among the sons of Pāṇḍu, regarding the Pāṇḍavas)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu; son of Pāṇḍu

Pāṇḍu + aṇ (patronymic)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'nivṛtteṣu'

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

संजय (saṁjaya) - Addressing Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (vocative))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - victory; a proper name (Sañjaya)

मम (mama) - my (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's army) (my, mine)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

सैन्यावशेषस्य (sainyāvaśeṣasya) - of the remainder of my army (of the remnant of the army)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sainyāvaśeṣa

sainyāvaśeṣa - remnant of an army

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sainya+avaśeṣa)

• sainya – army, host
  noun (neuter)
• avaśeṣa – remainder, residue, balance
  noun (masculine)
  ava + śiṣ (to remain) + ghañ
  Prefix: ava
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

संनिपातः (saṁnipātaḥ) - a fierce battle/encounter (saṃnipāta) (meeting, encounter, falling together)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃnipāta

saṁnipāta - falling together, meeting, encounter, collision; collection

sam + ni + pat (to fall) + ghañ

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

सुदारुणः (sudāruṇaḥ) - most terrible (very terrible, exceedingly cruel)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very terrible, exceedingly cruel, frightful

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
• dāruṇa – terrible, dreadful, cruel, harsh
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'saṃnipātaḥ'

मामकानाम् (māmakānām) - of my (Kaurava) warriors (of my people, of my men)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of māmaka

māmaka - my, mine; belonging to me; my people

Derivation from 'mama' (my)

Note: Agrees with 'śūrāḥ'

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - who (among my warriors) (who, which (plural masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Agrees with 'śūrāḥ'

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave warriors (brave, valorous (masculine plural))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant, heroic; warrior, hero

कान् (kān) - whom (among the Pandavas) (whom? which ones?)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Refers to the Pandavas

तत्र (tatra) - there (on the battlefield) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun 'tad' + suffix -tra

समवारयन् (samavārayan) - they obstructed, they checked, they prevented

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of sam-ava-vṛ

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)