महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-23, verse-10

मध्ये राज्ञां महाबाहुं सदा युद्धाभिनन्दिनम् ।
सर्वास्त्रपारगं द्रोणं कथं मृत्युरुपेयिवान् ॥१०॥

10. madhye rājñāṁ mahābāhuṁ sadā yuddhābhinandinam ,
sarvāstrapāragaṁ droṇaṁ kathaṁ mṛtyurupeyivān.

10. madhye rājñām mahābāhum sadā yuddhābhinandinam
sarvāstrapāragam droṇam katham mṛtyuḥ upeyivān

10. katham mahābāhum sadā yuddhābhinandinam
sarvāstrapāragam rājñām madhye droṇam mṛtyuḥ upeyivān

10. How did death approach Droṇa, the mighty-armed (mahābāhu), who always delighted in battle, and who was proficient in all weapons, (standing) among the kings?

Words meanings summery:

• मध्ये (madhye) - among (in the middle, amidst, among)

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of the kings (of kings, among kings)

• महाबाहुम् (mahābāhum) - the mighty-armed one (mighty-armed, great-armed)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

• युद्धाभिनन्दिनम् (yuddhābhinandinam) - who delighted in battle (delighting in battle, rejoicing in war)

• सर्वास्त्रपारगम् (sarvāstrapāragam) - proficient in all weapons (proficient in all weapons, master of all missiles)

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa (Droṇa (proper noun))

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death

• उपेयिवान् (upeyivān) - approached (approached, reached)

Words meanings and morphology

मध्ये (madhye) - among (in the middle, amidst, among)

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative singular of madhya, used adverbially.

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of the kings (of kings, among kings)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king

महाबाहुम् (mahābāhum) - the mighty-armed one (mighty-armed, great-armed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjectival epithet for Droṇa.

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

(indeclinable)

युद्धाभिनन्दिनम् (yuddhābhinandinam) - who delighted in battle (delighting in battle, rejoicing in war)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yuddhābhinandin

yuddhābhinandin - delighting in battle

Present Active Participle

Derived from 'yuddha' (battle) and 'abhinandin' (delighting in).

Compound type : tatpurusha (yuddha+abhinandin)

• yuddha – battle, fight
  noun (neuter)
• abhinandin – delighting, rejoicing
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root nand with prefix abhi-
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Refers to Droṇa.

सर्वास्त्रपारगम् (sarvāstrapāragam) - proficient in all weapons (proficient in all weapons, master of all missiles)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sarvāstrapāraga

sarvāstrapāraga - one who has gone to the other shore of all weapons, proficient in all weapons

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+astra+pāraga)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun/adjective
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
• pāraga – going to the other side, proficient in, master of
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from pāra (other side) and ga (going).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adjectival epithet for Droṇa.

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa (Droṇa (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a warrior and teacher)

Note: Object of the verb 'upeyivān' (approached).

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, Yama

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Subject of the verb 'upeyivān'.

उपेयिवान् (upeyivān) - approached (approached, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upeyivas

upeyivas - one who has approached/reached

Perfect Active Participle

From root i (to go) with upasarga upa and prefix ā.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Participial form used as finite verb.