महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-97, verse-6

यस्मादत्र समग्रास्ताः पतन्ति जलमूर्तयः ।
तस्मात्पातालमित्येतत्ख्यायते पुरमुत्तमम् ॥६॥

6. yasmādatra samagrāstāḥ patanti jalamūrtayaḥ ,
tasmātpātālamityetatkhyāyate puramuttamam.

6. yasmāt atra samagrāḥ tāḥ patanti jalamūrtayaḥ
tasmāt pātālam iti etat khyāyate puram uttamam

6. Because all those forms of water fall here, this excellent city is therefore known as Pātāla.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because, for the reason that (from which, because)

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

• समग्राः (samagrāḥ) - all, entire, complete

• ताः (tāḥ) - those

• पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall

• जलमूर्तयः (jalamūrtayaḥ) - forms of water, embodiments of water

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, for that reason (from that, therefore)

• पातालम् (pātālam) - Pātāla (proper noun, referring to the mythical underworld realm) (the netherworld, Pātāla (a specific underworld region))

• इति (iti) - marking the preceding word as a name or a quoted statement (thus, in this manner, marking direct speech or quotation)

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• ख्यायते (khyāyate) - is known as, is named (is known, is called, is declared)

• पुरम् (puram) - city (city, town, stronghold)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent (excellent, best, supreme)

Words meanings and morphology

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because, for the reason that (from which, because)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Indicates cause, 'because of which'.

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

समग्राः (samagrāḥ) - all, entire, complete

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of samagra

samagra - whole, entire, complete, all

'sa' (with) + 'agra' (foremost, beginning). Literally 'with all parts'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sa+agra)

• sam – together, with, completely
  indeclinable
  Prefix/upasarga
• agra – front, tip, first, excellent
  noun (neuter)

ताः (tāḥ) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agrees with 'jalamūrtayaḥ'.

पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pat

present active

Root 'pat' (1st conjugation, Parasmaipada).

Root: pat (class 1)

जलमूर्तयः (jalamūrtayaḥ) - forms of water, embodiments of water

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of jalamūrti

jalamūrti - a form of water, an embodiment of water

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (jala+mūrti)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• mūrti – form, shape, embodiment, idol
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'mūrcch' (to become firm).
  Root: mūrcch

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, for that reason (from that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Indicates consequence, 'therefore'.

पातालम् (pātālam) - Pātāla (proper noun, referring to the mythical underworld realm) (the netherworld, Pātāla (a specific underworld region))

(proper noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pātāla

pātāla - the netherworld, a specific region below the earth (often seven distinct regions)

Often etymologized as 'pāta' (fall) + 'tala' (bottom/ground), where things fall to the bottom.

Note: Predicate nominative to 'etat puram'.

इति (iti) - marking the preceding word as a name or a quoted statement (thus, in this manner, marking direct speech or quotation)

(indeclinable)

Root: i (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one (near at hand)

Note: Agrees with 'puram'.

ख्यायते (khyāyate) - is known as, is named (is known, is called, is declared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of khyā

present passive

Root 'khyā' (2nd/4th class), Atmanepada, in passive voice.

Root: khyā (class 2)

पुरम् (puram) - city (city, town, stronghold)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, town, stronghold, palace

Note: Subject of 'khyāyate'.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent (excellent, best, supreme)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, principal

Superlative form of 'ud' (up) or 'ut'.