महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-43, verse-17

ध्वजाग्रे वानरस्तिष्ठन्भल्लेन निहतो मया ।
अद्यैव पततां भूमौ विनदन्भैरवान्रवान् ॥१७॥

17. dhvajāgre vānarastiṣṭhanbhallena nihato mayā ,
adyaiva patatāṁ bhūmau vinadanbhairavānravān.

17. dhvajāgre vānaraḥ tiṣṭhan bhallena nihataḥ mayā
adya eva patatām bhūmau vinadan bhairavān ravān

17. Let the monkey (Hanuman), standing at the top of the banner, struck down by my arrow, fall to the ground today itself, emitting terrifying roars.

Words meanings summery:

• ध्वजाग्रे (dhvajāgre) - at the top of the banner, on the banner's front

• वानरः (vānaraḥ) - Hanuman (the monkey-god on Arjuna's banner) (monkey, ape)

• तिष्ठन् (tiṣṭhan) - standing, remaining, being

• भल्लेन (bhallena) - by a broad-headed arrow

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - struck down, killed, hit

• मया (mayā) - by me

• अद्य (adya) - today

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

• पतताम् (patatām) - let him fall

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on earth

• विनदन् (vinadan) - roaring, shouting, crying out

• भैरवान् (bhairavān) - dreadful, terrifying, fierce

• रवान् (ravān) - roars, cries, sounds

Words meanings and morphology

ध्वजाग्रे (dhvajāgre) - at the top of the banner, on the banner's front

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dhvajāgra

dhvajāgra - banner-top, front of a banner

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhvaja+agra)

• dhvaja – banner, flag
  noun (masculine)
• agra – top, front, tip, summit
  noun (neuter)

वानरः (vānaraḥ) - Hanuman (the monkey-god on Arjuna's banner) (monkey, ape)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

तिष्ठन् (tiṣṭhan) - standing, remaining, being

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tiṣṭhat

sthā - to stand, remain, be, stay

Present Active Participle

Derived from root sthā (Pāṇinian class 1) with suffix -at

Root: sthā (class 1)

भल्लेन (bhallena) - by a broad-headed arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhalla

bhalla - a broad-headed arrow

निहतः (nihataḥ) - struck down, killed, hit

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

hata - struck, killed, injured

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (Pāṇinian class 2) with upasarga ni and suffix -ta

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us

अद्य (adya) - today

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

(indeclinable)

पतताम् (patatām) - let him fall

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Although typically dual, this form can be used for singular (respectful) in some contexts or poetic usage.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

विनदन् (vinadan) - roaring, shouting, crying out

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinadat

nad - to roar, sound, shout

Present Active Participle

Derived from root nad (Pāṇinian class 1) with upasarga vi and suffix -at

Prefix: vi

Root: nad (class 1)

भैरवान् (bhairavān) - dreadful, terrifying, fierce

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhairava

bhairava - dreadful, terrifying, fierce

रवान् (ravān) - roars, cries, sounds

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rava

rava - roar, cry, sound, noise

Root: ru (class 2)