महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-11, verse-3

अयं हयान्वीक्षति मामकान्दृढं ध्रुवं हयज्ञो भविता विचक्षणः ।
प्रवेश्यतामेष समीपमाशु मे विभाति वीरो हि यथामरस्तथा ॥३॥

3. ayaṁ hayānvīkṣati māmakāndṛḍhaṁ; dhruvaṁ hayajño bhavitā vicakṣaṇaḥ ,
praveśyatāmeṣa samīpamāśu me; vibhāti vīro hi yathāmarastathā.

3. ayam hayān vīkṣati māmakān dṛḍham
dhruvam hayajñaḥ bhavitā vicakṣaṇaḥ
| praveśyatām eṣa samīpam āśu me
vibhāti vīraḥ hi yathā amaraḥ tathā

3. "This man intently observes my horses. Surely, he must be a discerning expert in horses. Let him be brought near to me quickly, for he truly shines like a hero, just like an immortal."

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - this man (Arjuna) (this (masculine))

• हयान् (hayān) - horses

• वीक्षति (vīkṣati) - he observes, he looks intently

• मामकान् (māmakān) - my (horses) (my, mine)

• दृढम् (dṛḍham) - intently (observes) (firmly, surely, intently)

• ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly, surely, undoubtedly

• हयज्ञः (hayajñaḥ) - a horse-expert (horse-knower, expert in horses)

• भविता (bhavitā) - he will be, he is to be

• विचक्षणः (vicakṣaṇaḥ) - discerning (expert) (discerning, clever, expert, wise)

• प्रवेश्यताम् (praveśyatām) - let him be brought near (let him be entered, let him be brought in)

• एष (eṣa) - this man (Arjuna), the one to be brought (this (masculine))

• समीपम् (samīpam) - near (to me) (near, proximity, vicinity)

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

• विभाति (vibhāti) - he shines, he appears

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave man

• हि (hi) - for, truly (for, indeed, because)

• यथा (yathā) - just like (as, just as, like)

• अमरः (amaraḥ) - an immortal (immortal, god)

• तथा (tathā) - just so, in that manner (so, thus, likewise)

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - this man (Arjuna) (this (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Subject of vīkṣati

हयान् (hayān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Note: Object of vīkṣati

वीक्षति (vīkṣati) - he observes, he looks intently

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vīkṣ

vi (prefix) + īkṣ (root)

Prefix: vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

मामकान् (māmakān) - my (horses) (my, mine)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of māmaka

māmaka - my, mine, belonging to me

derived from mama (me/my)

Note: Agrees with hayān

दृढम् (dṛḍham) - intently (observes) (firmly, surely, intently)

(indeclinable)

past passive participle of dṛh

Root: dṛh (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverb

ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly, surely, undoubtedly

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb

हयज्ञः (hayajñaḥ) - a horse-expert (horse-knower, expert in horses)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hayajña

hayajña - knowing horses, an expert in horses

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpurusha (haya+jña)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knower, expert
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective from root jñā
  root jñā + ka suffix
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Predicate nominative for bhavitā

भविता (bhavitā) - he will be, he is to be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, periphrastic future (luṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Forms the future tense with a nominal predicate

विचक्षणः (vicakṣaṇaḥ) - discerning (expert) (discerning, clever, expert, wise)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vicakṣaṇa

vicakṣaṇa - discerning, clever, expert, wise, sagacious

vi (prefix) + cakṣ (to see, perceive) + lyuṭ suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: Agrees with hayajñaḥ

प्रवेश्यताम् (praveśyatām) - let him be brought near (let him be entered, let him be brought in)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of praveśaya

Causative verb, Imperative Mood, 3rd person singular

pra (prefix) + viś (root, to enter) + ṇic (causative) + tām (imperative ending)

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

एष (eṣa) - this man (Arjuna), the one to be brought (this (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the passive praveśyatām

समीपम् (samīpam) - near (to me) (near, proximity, vicinity)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb here 'to near'

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Can also be genitive, but dative 'to me' for 'near me' makes more sense

विभाति (vibhāti) - he shines, he appears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vibhā

vi (prefix) + bhā (root)

Prefix: vi

Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Subject is vīraḥ

वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave man

Note: Subject of vibhāti

हि (hi) - for, truly (for, indeed, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or causal particle

यथा (yathā) - just like (as, just as, like)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used in comparison with tathā

अमरः (amaraḥ) - an immortal (immortal, god)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amara

amara - immortal, god, deity

a (negation) + mara (mortal, from mṛ)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+mara)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• mara – mortal, death
  noun (masculine)
  root mṛ + a suffix
  Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Used in comparison

तथा (tathā) - just so, in that manner (so, thus, likewise)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used in comparison with yathā