महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-11, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
अथापरोऽदृश्यत पाण्डवः प्रभुर्विराटराज्ञस्तुरगान्समीक्षतः ।
तमापतन्तं ददृशे पृथग्जनो विमुक्तमभ्रादिव सूर्यमण्डलम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
athāparo'dṛśyata pāṇḍavaḥ prabhu;rvirāṭarājñasturagānsamīkṣataḥ ,
tamāpatantaṁ dadṛśe pṛthagjano; vimuktamabhrādiva sūryamaṇḍalam.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | atha aparaḥ adṛśyata
pāṇḍavaḥ prabhuḥ virāṭarājñaḥ turagān
samīkṣataḥ | tam āpatantam dadṛśe pṛthak
janaḥ vimuktam abhrāt iva sūryamaṇḍalam

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: "Then another lordly Pāṇḍava (Arjuna) became visible to King Virāṭa, who was inspecting the horses. The common people beheld him approaching, like the sun's orb (sūryamaṇḍalam) freed from a cloud."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of the narrator)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• अपरः (aparaḥ) - another (of the Pāṇḍavas, referring to Arjuna) (another, other, second)

• अदृश्यत (adṛśyata) - was seen, appeared, became visible

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna, one of the Pāṇḍavas (son of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava)

• प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - a lordly Pāṇḍava (lord, master, mighty)

• विराटराज्ञः (virāṭarājñaḥ) - of King Virāṭa

• तुरगान् (turagān) - horses

• समीक्षतः (samīkṣataḥ) - (King Virāṭa) inspecting (seeing, observing, inspecting)

• तम् (tam) - referring to Arjuna (him, that)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching (approaching, falling upon)

• ददृशे (dadṛśe) - he (the common people, taken as singular) saw (he saw)

• पृथक् (pṛthak) - common (people) (separate, distinct, common)

• जनः (janaḥ) - common person (singular, referring to the collective 'common people') (person, people)

• विमुक्तम् (vimuktam) - freed (from a cloud) (released, freed, liberated)

• अभ्रात् (abhrāt) - from a cloud

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• सूर्यमण्डलम् (sūryamaṇḍalam) - the sun's orb (sūryamaṇḍalam) (sun's orb, sun's disk)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of the narrator)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (a sage, disciple of Vyāsa)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अपरः (aparaḥ) - another (of the Pāṇḍavas, referring to Arjuna) (another, other, second)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, subsequent, inferior

Note: Agrees with pāṇḍavaḥ

अदृश्यत (adṛśyata) - was seen, appeared, became visible

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperfect past (laṅ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Root dṛś in passive

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna, one of the Pāṇḍavas (son of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

derived from Pāṇḍu + aṇ suffix (descendant)

Note: Refers to Arjuna

प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - a lordly Pāṇḍava (lord, master, mighty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, king, powerful, mighty

pra (prefix) + bhū (to be, become)

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with pāṇḍavaḥ

विराटराज्ञः (virāṭarājñaḥ) - of King Virāṭa

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of virāṭarājan

virāṭarājan - King Virāṭa

Compound type : tatpurusha (virāṭa+rājan)

• virāṭa – Virāṭa (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive case for 'of King Virāṭa'

तुरगान् (turagān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of turaga

turaga - horse, steed

derived from tura (quick) + ga (going)

Compound type : tatpurusha (tura+ga)

• tura – quick, swift
  adjective
• ga – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective from root gam
  root gam + ḍa suffix
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of samīkṣataḥ

समीक्षतः (samīkṣataḥ) - (King Virāṭa) inspecting (seeing, observing, inspecting)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of samīkṣ

samīkṣ - to look at, to observe, to inspect

Present Active Participle (ātmanepada)

sam (prefix) + īkṣ (root) + śānac suffix

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with virāṭarājñaḥ (genitive of agent for passive adṛśyata)

तम् (tam) - referring to Arjuna (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of dadṛśe

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching (approaching, falling upon)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling, descending

Present Active Participle

ā (prefix) + pat (root) + śatṛ suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tam

ददृशे (dadṛśe) - he (the common people, taken as singular) saw (he saw)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect past (lit) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The subject is pṛthak janaḥ (singular)

पृथक् (pṛthak) - common (people) (separate, distinct, common)

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms a compound with janaḥ

जनः (janaḥ) - common person (singular, referring to the collective 'common people') (person, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, man

Note: pṛthagjana is a compound meaning 'common person/man'

विमुक्तम् (vimuktam) - freed (from a cloud) (released, freed, liberated)

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vimukta

vimukta - released, freed, liberated, disengaged

Past Passive Participle

vi (prefix) + muc (root) + kta suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Agrees with sūryamaṇḍalam

अभ्रात् (abhrāt) - from a cloud

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of abhra

abhra - cloud, sky

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

सूर्यमण्डलम् (sūryamaṇḍalam) - the sun's orb (sūryamaṇḍalam) (sun's orb, sun's disk)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sūryamaṇḍala

sūryamaṇḍala - sun's disk, solar orb

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūrya+maṇḍala)

• sūrya – sun, the sun god
  noun (masculine)
• maṇḍala – circle, orb, disk, region
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of comparison