महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-11, verse-2

स वै हयानैक्षत तांस्ततस्ततः समीक्षमाणं च ददर्श मत्स्यराट् ।
ततोऽब्रवीत्ताननुगानमित्रहा कुतोऽयमायाति नरोऽमरप्रभः ॥२॥

2. sa vai hayānaikṣata tāṁstatastataḥ; samīkṣamāṇaṁ ca dadarśa matsyarāṭ ,
tato'bravīttānanugānamitrahā; kuto'yamāyāti naro'maraprabhaḥ.

2. sa vai hayān aikṣata tān tataḥ tataḥ
samīkṣamāṇam ca dadarśa matsyarāṭ
| tataḥ abravīt tān anugān amitrahā
kutaḥ ayam āyāti naraḥ amaraprabhaḥ

2. Indeed, he gazed at those horses here and there, and the Matsya King (Virāṭa) saw him observing. Then, the enemy-slayer (amitrahā) spoke to his attendants: 'From where does this man, radiant like an immortal, come?'

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - referring to Arjuna (he, that)

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely

• हयान् (hayān) - horses

• ऐक्षत (aikṣata) - he looked at, he observed

• तान् (tān) - referring to the horses (those (masculine plural))

• ततः (tataḥ) - here (used in reduplication for 'here and there') (from there, then, in that direction)

• ततः (tataḥ) - there (used in reduplication for 'here and there') (from there, then, in that direction)

• समीक्षमाणम् (samīkṣamāṇam) - him (Arjuna) observing (the horses) (observing, looking at)

• च (ca) - and

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

• मत्स्यराट् (matsyarāṭ) - King Virāṭa (King of Matsya, King Virāṭa)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• तान् (tān) - referring to the attendants (those (masculine plural))

• अनुगान् (anugān) - attendants, followers

• अमित्रहा (amitrahā) - King Virāṭa (slayer of enemies)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where? whence?

• अयम् (ayam) - this (man, referring to Arjuna) (this (masculine))

• आयाति (āyāti) - he comes, approaches

• नरः (naraḥ) - this man (Arjuna) (man, person)

• अमरप्रभः (amaraprabhaḥ) - radiant like an immortal (having the radiance of an immortal, shining like a god)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - referring to Arjuna (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: sandhi form of saḥ

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely

(indeclinable)

हयान् (hayān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Note: Object of aikṣata

ऐक्षत (aikṣata) - he looked at, he observed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect past (laṅ) of īkṣ

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Middle voice for verbs of seeing

तान् (tān) - referring to the horses (those (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agrees with hayān

ततः (tataḥ) - here (used in reduplication for 'here and there') (from there, then, in that direction)

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - there (used in reduplication for 'here and there') (from there, then, in that direction)

(indeclinable)

समीक्षमाणम् (samīkṣamāṇam) - him (Arjuna) observing (the horses) (observing, looking at)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samīkṣamāṇa

samīkṣamāṇa - observing, looking intently, examining

Present Middle Participle

sam (prefix) + īkṣ (root) + śānac suffix

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied object tam (Arjuna)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject is matsyarāṭ

मत्स्यराट् (matsyarāṭ) - King Virāṭa (King of Matsya, King Virāṭa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matsyarāj

matsyarāj - king of the Matsyas (King Virāṭa)

Compound type : tatpurusha (matsya+rāj)

• matsya – fish, a Matsya (name of a people/country)
  noun (masculine)
• rāj – king, ruler (root form)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 10)

Note: ṭ is the result of final j becoming ṭ before pause or initial hard consonant

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Subject is amitrahā

तान् (tān) - referring to the attendants (those (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agrees with anugān. Object of abravīt

अनुगान् (anugān) - attendants, followers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anuga

anuga - follower, attendant, companion

anu (prefix) + ga (going, from gam)

Compound type : tatpurusha (anu+ga)

• anu – after, along, near to
  indeclinable
• ga – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective from root gam
  root gam + ḍa suffix
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of abravīt

अमित्रहा (amitrahā) - King Virāṭa (slayer of enemies)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amitrahantṛ

amitrahantṛ - slayer of enemies

amitra (enemy) + hantṛ (slayer, agent noun from han)

Compound type : tatpurusha (amitra+hantṛ)

• amitra – enemy, not a friend
  noun (masculine)
  a (negation) + mitra (friend)
• hantṛ – slayer, destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  root han + tṛc suffix
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to Matsyarāṭ

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where? whence?

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this (man, referring to Arjuna) (this (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

आयाति (āyāti) - he comes, approaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āyā

ā (prefix) + yā (root)

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

नरः (naraḥ) - this man (Arjuna) (man, person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Note: Subject of āyāti

अमरप्रभः (amaraprabhaḥ) - radiant like an immortal (having the radiance of an immortal, shining like a god)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amaraprabha

amaraprabha - shining like a god, divine radiance

Compound type : bahuvrihi (amara+prabhā)

• amara – immortal, god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  a (negation) + mara (mortal, from mṛ)
  Root: mṛ (class 1)
• prabhā – light, radiance, splendor
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with naraḥ