महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-276, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
एवमेतन्महाबाहो रामेणामिततेजसा ।
प्राप्तं व्यसनमत्युग्रं वनवासकृतं पुरा ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
evametanmahābāho rāmeṇāmitatejasā ,
prāptaṁ vyasanamatyugraṁ vanavāsakṛtaṁ purā.

1. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca evam etat mahābāho rāmeṇa amitatejasā
prāptaṃ vyasanam atyugraṃ vanavāsakṛtaṃ purā

1. Mārkaṇḍeya said: "O mighty-armed one, thus, this extremely severe misfortune (vyasana), caused by his forest-dwelling, was experienced formerly by Rama of immeasurable prowess."

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

• एतत् (etat) - this misfortune (this)

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one

• रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rama

• अमिततेजसा (amitatejasā) - of immeasurable prowess/splendor

• प्राप्तं (prāptaṁ) - experienced, attained, obtained

• व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - misfortune, calamity, distress

• अत्युग्रं (atyugraṁ) - very severe, extremely fierce

• वनवासकृतं (vanavāsakṛtaṁ) - caused by forest-dwelling, resulting from exile

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in the past, anciently

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a famous ancient sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this misfortune (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, here

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, having great arms (an epithet for heroes like Rama, Arjuna)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rama

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a celebrated king, the hero of the Rāmāyaṇa)

अमिततेजसा (amitatejasā) - of immeasurable prowess/splendor

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of amitatejas

amitatejas - of immeasurable splendor, of boundless energy

Compound type : bahuvrihi (amita+tejas)

• amita – unmeasured, immeasurable, infinite
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from ā-√mā with negative prefix a-
  Prefix: a
  Root: mā (class 3)
• tejas – brilliance, energy, prowess, splendor
  noun (neuter)

प्राप्तं (prāptaṁ) - experienced, attained, obtained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, attained, reached, experienced

Past Passive Participle

derived from √āp with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - misfortune, calamity, distress

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - misfortune, calamity, distress, addiction

अत्युग्रं (atyugraṁ) - very severe, extremely fierce

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of atyugra

atyugra - very fierce, extremely severe, terrible

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (ati+ugra)

• ati – very, exceedingly, over, beyond
  indeclinable
• ugra – fierce, severe, terrible, mighty
  adjective (neuter)

वनवासकृतं (vanavāsakṛtaṁ) - caused by forest-dwelling, resulting from exile

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vanavāsakṛta

vanavāsakṛta - done or caused by forest-dwelling/exile

Past Passive Participle (compound)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vanavāsa+kṛta)

• vanavāsa – forest-dwelling, exile in a forest
  noun (masculine)
• kṛta – made, done, caused
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from √kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in the past, anciently

(indeclinable)