महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-36, verse-11

तं बलौघमपर्यन्तं राजसागरमक्षयम् ।
कुर्वाणं समयं कृष्णो युद्धाय बुबुधे तदा ॥११॥

11. taṁ balaughamaparyantaṁ rājasāgaramakṣayam ,
kurvāṇaṁ samayaṁ kṛṣṇo yuddhāya bubudhe tadā.

11. tam balaugham aparyantam rājasāgaram akṣayam
kurvāṇam samayam kṛṣṇaḥ yuddhāya bubudhe tadā

11. Then, Kṛṣṇa perceived that this boundless and inexhaustible ocean of kings, an immense mass of forces, was making preparations for battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (immense mass of forces) (that, him)

• बलौघम् (balaugham) - a flood of forces/armies (mass of forces, flood of armies)

• अपर्यन्तम् (aparyantam) - boundless (boundless, endless, unlimited)

• राजसागरम् (rājasāgaram) - an ocean of kings (ocean of kings)

• अक्षयम् (akṣayam) - inexhaustible (inexhaustible, imperishable, unfading)

• कुर्वाणम् (kurvāṇam) - making, engaging in (making, doing, performing)

• समयम् (samayam) - preparation (for battle) (agreement, compact, time, appointment, convention)

• कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle (for battle, for war)

• बुबुधे (bubudhe) - he perceived (he understood, he knew, he perceived)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (immense mass of forces) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Pronominal stem.

Note: Modifies 'balaugham' and other accusative nouns/adjectives.

बलौघम् (balaugham) - a flood of forces/armies (mass of forces, flood of armies)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of balaugha

balaugha - mass of forces, flood of armies, great multitude of forces

Tatpuruṣa compound of bala (force, army) and ogha (flood, mass).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bala+ogha)

• bala – strength, force, army, power
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 1)
• ogha – flood, stream, mass, multitude, current
  noun (masculine)
  From the root √uh (to flow, move).
  Root: uh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'bubudhe' via 'kurvāṇam'.

अपर्यन्तम् (aparyantam) - boundless (boundless, endless, unlimited)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aparyanta

aparyanta - boundless, endless, unlimited, without end or limit

Negative tatpuruṣa compound: a (not) + paryanta (boundary, limit).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+paryanta)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• paryanta – end, limit, boundary, edge
  noun (masculine)
  From pari-√ant (to go around, reach the end).
  Prefix: pari
  Root: ant (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'balaugham' and 'rājasāgaram'.

राजसागरम् (rājasāgaram) - an ocean of kings (ocean of kings)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājasāgara

rājasāgara - ocean of kings, a vast multitude of kings

Tatpuruṣa compound of rāja (king) and sāgara (ocean). Sāgara here is metaphorical for a vast multitude.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+sāgara)

• rājan – king, sovereign, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  N-stem noun.
• sāgara – ocean, sea, vast expanse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'balaugham'.

अक्षयम् (akṣayam) - inexhaustible (inexhaustible, imperishable, unfading)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of akṣaya

akṣaya - inexhaustible, imperishable, undecaying, eternal, unfading

Negative tatpuruṣa compound: a (not) + kṣaya (decay, destruction).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣaya)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kṣaya – decay, destruction, loss, decrease, end
  noun (masculine)
  From the root √kṣi (to perish, decay).
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'balaugham' and 'rājasāgaram'.

कुर्वाणम् (kurvāṇam) - making, engaging in (making, doing, performing)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kurvāṇa

kurvāṇa - making, doing, performing, creating

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from the root √kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'balaugham' etc., acting as a descriptive attribute for the object.

समयम् (samayam) - preparation (for battle) (agreement, compact, time, appointment, convention)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samaya

samaya - agreement, compact, appointment, time, convention, religious obligation, season, preparation

From the root √i (to go) with the prefix sam (together).

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of the participle 'kurvāṇam'.

कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa (proper name), dark, black

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'bubudhe'.

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle (for battle, for war)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From the root √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Indicates the purpose of the 'samayaṃ kurvāṇam' (making preparations).

बुबुधे (bubudhe) - he perceived (he understood, he knew, he perceived)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of budh

Perfect tense, Ātmanepada, 3rd person singular.

Perfect (liṭ) form, ātmanepada, 3rd singular of the root √budh (to know, perceive).

Root: budh (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Avyaya derived from the pronominal stem tad (that).

Note: Temporal adverb.