महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-2, verse-8

कथं नु राजा वृद्धः सन्पुत्रशोकसमाहतः ।
शोकमस्मत्कृतं प्राप्य न म्रियेतेति चिन्त्यते ॥८॥

8. kathaṁ nu rājā vṛddhaḥ sanputraśokasamāhataḥ ,
śokamasmatkṛtaṁ prāpya na mriyeteti cintyate.

8. katham nu rājā vṛddhaḥ san putraśoka-samāhataḥ
śokam asmatkṛtam prāpya na mriyeta iti cintyate

8. katham nu vṛddhaḥ putraśoka-samāhataḥ rājā
asmatkṛtam śokam prāpya na mriyeta iti cintyate

8. How indeed could the king, old and afflicted by sorrow for his sons, not die if he were to experience grief caused by us? Thus, it was pondered.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how indeed (how, in what manner)

• नु (nu) - indeed (indeed, now, then)

• राजा (rājā) - the king

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old (old, grown, aged)

• सन् (san) - being (being, existing)

• पुत्रशोक-समाहतः (putraśoka-samāhataḥ) - afflicted by sorrow for his sons (struck by grief for sons)

• शोकम् (śokam) - grief (grief, sorrow)

• अस्मत्कृतम् (asmatkṛtam) - caused by us (made by us, caused by us)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - upon experiencing (having obtained, having reached, experiencing)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• म्रियेत (mriyeta) - not die (may he die, he should die)

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, marking direct speech)

• चिन्त्यते (cintyate) - it was pondered (it is thought, it is considered, one ponders)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how indeed (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed (indeed, now, then)

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - the king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old (old, grown, aged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛdh (to grow).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

सन् (san) - being (being, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, true

Present Participle

From root as (to be) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

पुत्रशोक-समाहतः (putraśoka-samāhataḥ) - afflicted by sorrow for his sons (struck by grief for sons)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putraśokasamāhata

putraśokasamāhata - struck by grief for sons

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putraśoka+samāhata)

• putraśoka – grief for sons
  noun (masculine)
• samāhata – struck, smitten, afflicted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From ā-han (to strike) with sam.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: han (class 2)

शोकम् (śokam) - grief (grief, sorrow)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - grief, sorrow, affliction

Root: śuc (class 1)

अस्मत्कृतम् (asmatkṛtam) - caused by us (made by us, caused by us)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asmatkṛta

asmatkṛta - done by us, caused by us

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (asmad+kṛta)

• asmad – we, us (base for 1st person plural pronoun)
  pronoun
• kṛta – done, made, performed, caused
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

प्राप्य (prāpya) - upon experiencing (having obtained, having reached, experiencing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From āp (to obtain) with prefix pra and lyap suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

म्रियेत (mriyeta) - not die (may he die, he should die)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of mṛ

Optative

ātmanepada, 3rd singular.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, marking direct speech)

(indeclinable)

चिन्त्यते (cintyate) - it was pondered (it is thought, it is considered, one ponders)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of cint

present passive

3rd singular.

Root: cit (class 10)