महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-10, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
व्यवहाराश्च ते तात नित्यमाप्तैरधिष्ठिताः ।
योज्यास्तुष्टैर्हितै राजन्नित्यं चारैरनुष्ठिताः ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
vyavahārāśca te tāta nityamāptairadhiṣṭhitāḥ ,
yojyāstuṣṭairhitai rājannityaṁ cārairanuṣṭhitāḥ.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca vyavahārāḥ ca te tāta nityam āptaiḥ
adhiṣṭhitāḥ yojyāḥ tuṣṭaiḥ hitaiḥ rājan nityam cāraiḥ anuṣṭhitāḥ

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca tāta rājan te vyavahārāḥ ca nityam āptaiḥ
adhiṣṭhitāḥ nityam tuṣṭaiḥ hitaiḥ cāraiḥ yojyāḥ anuṣṭhitāḥ

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: 'O dear son, your affairs should always be overseen by trustworthy individuals, and, O King, they should constantly be managed and executed by contented and benevolent agents.'

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• व्यवहाराः (vyavahārāḥ) - affairs, transactions, dealings

• च (ca) - and, also

• ते (te) - your, of you

• तात (tāta) - O dear son, O dear one

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

• आप्तैः (āptaiḥ) - by trusted ones, by reliable persons

• अधिष्ठिताः (adhiṣṭhitāḥ) - supervised, presided over, established

• योज्याः (yojyāḥ) - to be employed, to be appointed, to be managed

• तुष्टैः (tuṣṭaiḥ) - by contented ones, by satisfied ones

• हितैः (hitaiḥ) - by benevolent ones, by friendly ones, by beneficial ones

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

• चारैः (cāraiḥ) - by spies, by agents

• अनुष्ठिताः (anuṣṭhitāḥ) - performed, carried out, executed

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name), one who supports the kingdom

dhṛta (held, supported) + rāṣṭra (kingdom).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, supported, borne
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, nation, country
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense form.

Root: vac (class 2)

व्यवहाराः (vyavahārāḥ) - affairs, transactions, dealings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyavahāra

vyavahāra - transaction, business, affair, conduct, lawsuit

From root hṛ with upasargas vi and ava.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'should be'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this statement to a preceding one.

ते (te) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form.

तात (tāta) - O dear son, O dear one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear son, dear one (term of endearment)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'adhiṣṭhitāḥ' and 'anuṣṭhitāḥ'.

आप्तैः (āptaiḥ) - by trusted ones, by reliable persons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āpta

āpta - obtained, trustworthy, reliable, able

Past Passive Participle

From root āp (to obtain) or āp (to attain) + kta suffix.

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agent of 'adhiṣṭhitāḥ'.

अधिष्ठिताः (adhiṣṭhitāḥ) - supervised, presided over, established

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adhiṣṭhita

adhiṣṭhita - presided over, supervised, occupied, established, controlled

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā with upasarga adhi.

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)

योज्याः (yojyāḥ) - to be employed, to be appointed, to be managed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yojya

yojya - to be employed, to be appointed, to be yoked, to be managed

Gerundive

From root yuj (to join, employ).

Root: yuj (class 7)

तुष्टैः (tuṣṭaiḥ) - by contented ones, by satisfied ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tuṣṭa

tuṣṭa - contented, satisfied, pleased

Past Passive Participle

From root tuṣ (to be pleased).

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying 'cāraiḥ'.

हितैः (hitaiḥ) - by benevolent ones, by friendly ones, by beneficial ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hita

hita - beneficial, friendly, benevolent, placed, suitable

Past Passive Participle

From root dhā (to place) in sense of 'being placed well' or from hi (to send, incite).

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Adjective modifying 'cāraiḥ'.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'yojyāḥ' and 'anuṣṭhitāḥ'.

चारैः (cāraiḥ) - by spies, by agents

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of cāra

cāra - spy, secret agent, messenger, movement

From root car (to move, wander).

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'yojyāḥ' and 'anuṣṭhitāḥ'.

अनुष्ठिताः (anuṣṭhitāḥ) - performed, carried out, executed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anuṣṭhita

anuṣṭhita - performed, carried out, observed, practiced, established

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā with upasarga anu.

Prefix: anu

Root: sthā (class 1)