महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-63, verse-15

अद्यैव नक्षत्रमहश्च पुण्यं यतामहे श्रेष्ठतमं क्रियासु ।
अम्भोभिरद्येह वसाम राजन्नुपोष्यतां चापि भवद्भिरद्य ॥१५॥

15. adyaiva nakṣatramahaśca puṇyaṁ; yatāmahe śreṣṭhatamaṁ kriyāsu ,
ambhobhiradyeha vasāma rāja;nnupoṣyatāṁ cāpi bhavadbhiradya.

15. adya eva nakṣatram ahaḥ ca puṇyam
yatāmahe śreṣṭhatamam kriyāsu
ambhobhiḥ adya iha vasāma rājan
upoṣyatām ca api bhavadbhiḥ adya

15. Today itself the constellation and the day are auspicious, and we shall undertake the most excellent rituals. O King, we shall reside here today, sustained by water, and let fasting also be observed by you today.

Words meanings summery:

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

• एव (eva) - today itself (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• नक्षत्रम् (nakṣatram) - the constellation (is auspicious) (constellation, star, lunar mansion)

• अहः (ahaḥ) - the day (is auspicious) (day)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - auspicious (auspicious, sacred, meritorious, good)

• यतामहे (yatāmahe) - we shall undertake (we strive, we endeavor, we undertake)

• श्रेष्ठतमम् (śreṣṭhatamam) - the most excellent (rituals) (the most excellent, the best)

• क्रियासु (kriyāsu) - in the rituals (in actions, in rituals, in ceremonies)

• अम्भोभिः (ambhobhiḥ) - sustained by water (implying only water) (by waters, with waters)

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

• इह (iha) - here (in this place for rituals) (here, in this place)

• वसाम (vasāma) - we shall reside (we dwell, we reside)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• उपोष्यताम् (upoṣyatām) - let fasting be observed (let it be fasted, let fasting be done)

• च (ca) - and also (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, moreover)

• भवद्भिः (bhavadbhiḥ) - by you (the King) (by you (respectful plural))

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

Words meanings and morphology

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time

एव (eva) - today itself (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

नक्षत्रम् (nakṣatram) - the constellation (is auspicious) (constellation, star, lunar mansion)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nakṣatra

nakṣatra - star, constellation, lunar mansion

अहः (ahaḥ) - the day (is auspicious) (day)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

s-stem noun, neuter

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - auspicious (auspicious, sacred, meritorious, good)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of puṇya

puṇya - auspicious, propitious, sacred, meritorious, virtuous, good

Note: Predicative adjective.

यतामहे (yatāmahe) - we shall undertake (we strive, we endeavor, we undertake)

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present/future (laṭ) of yat

Present/Future Ātmanepada, 1st person plural

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'we' (the Brahmins).

श्रेष्ठतमम् (śreṣṭhatamam) - the most excellent (rituals) (the most excellent, the best)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śreṣṭhatama

śreṣṭhatama - most excellent, best, supreme

Superlative degree of śreṣṭha (best), itself superlative of praśasya (praiseworthy)

Note: Qualifies kriyāsu (indirectly, as the object of their striving).

क्रियासु (kriyāsu) - in the rituals (in actions, in rituals, in ceremonies)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of kriyā

kriyā - action, deed, performance, ritual, ceremony

From root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Governed by yatāmahe (strive for/in).

अम्भोभिः (ambhobhiḥ) - sustained by water (implying only water) (by waters, with waters)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of ambhas

ambhas - water, fluid

s-stem noun

Note: Implies 'living on water' in this context of austerity for ritual.

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time

इह (iha) - here (in this place for rituals) (here, in this place)

(indeclinable)

वसाम (vasāma) - we shall reside (we dwell, we reside)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present subjunctive (loṭ) of vas

Present Subjunctive (or imperative), Parasmaipada, 1st person plural

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'we' (the Brahmins).

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to the king.

उपोष्यताम् (upoṣyatām) - let fasting be observed (let it be fasted, let fasting be done)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of upa-vas

Imperative, Ātmanepada (passive), 3rd person singular

Prefix: upa

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Implies an action to be done by the king.

च (ca) - and also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अपि (api) - also (also, even, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Particle

भवद्भिः (bhavadbhiḥ) - by you (the King) (by you (respectful plural))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (respectful address), being

Present Active Participle (when meaning 'being')

Participle of bhū (to be) or respectful pronoun

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agent in passive construction (upoṣyatām). Addressed to the king.

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time