महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-44, verse-2

अहः पूर्वं ततो रात्रिर्मासाः शुक्लादयः स्मृताः ।
श्रविष्ठादीनि ऋक्षाणि ऋतवः शिशिरादयः ॥२॥

2. ahaḥ pūrvaṁ tato rātrirmāsāḥ śuklādayaḥ smṛtāḥ ,
śraviṣṭhādīni ṛkṣāṇi ṛtavaḥ śiśirādayaḥ.

2. ahaḥ pūrvam tataḥ rātriḥ māsāḥ śuklādayaḥ
smṛtāḥ śraviṣṭhādīni ṛkṣāṇi ṛtavaḥ śiśirādayaḥ

2. ahaḥ pūrvam tataḥ rātriḥ māsāḥ śuklādayaḥ
smṛtāḥ ṛkṣāṇi śraviṣṭhādīni ṛtavaḥ śiśirādayaḥ

2. Day is first, then night. The months are reckoned from the bright fortnight (śukla-pakṣa). The constellations (nakṣatras) begin with Śraviṣṭhā, and the seasons begin with Śiśira.

Words meanings summery:

• अहः (ahaḥ) - day

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first (first, before, earlier)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

• मासाः (māsāḥ) - months

• शुक्लादयः (śuklādayaḥ) - reckoned from the bright fortnight (śukla-pakṣa) (beginning with the bright fortnight (śukla))

• स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are remembered/considered (remembered, considered, traditionally taught)

• श्रविष्ठादीनि (śraviṣṭhādīni) - beginning with Śraviṣṭhā

• ऋक्षाणि (ṛkṣāṇi) - constellations (nakṣatras) (stars, constellations, lunar mansions (nakṣatras))

• ऋतवः (ṛtavaḥ) - seasons

• शिशिरादयः (śiśirādayaḥ) - beginning with Śiśira (winter season) (beginning with Śiśira (winter))

Words meanings and morphology

अहः (ahaḥ) - day

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first (first, before, earlier)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pūrva

pūrva - prior, former, first

Note: Modifies 'ahaḥ'

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas from tad

रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

मासाः (māsāḥ) - months

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of māsa

māsa - month

शुक्लादयः (śuklādayaḥ) - reckoned from the bright fortnight (śukla-pakṣa) (beginning with the bright fortnight (śukla))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śuklādi

śuklādi - beginning with the bright fortnight

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (śukla+ādi)

• śukla – white, bright, pure; bright half of a lunar month
  adjective
• ādi – beginning, start
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'māsāḥ'

स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are remembered/considered (remembered, considered, traditionally taught)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, thought of

Past Passive Participle

Root smṛ + kta

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Agreement with 'māsāḥ'

श्रविष्ठादीनि (śraviṣṭhādīni) - beginning with Śraviṣṭhā

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of śraviṣṭhādi

śraviṣṭhādi - beginning with Śraviṣṭhā

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (śraviṣṭhā+ādi)

• śraviṣṭhā – name of a nakṣatra (Dhaniṣṭhā)
  proper noun (feminine)
• ādi – beginning, start
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'ṛkṣāṇi'

ऋक्षाणि (ṛkṣāṇi) - constellations (nakṣatras) (stars, constellations, lunar mansions (nakṣatras))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of ṛkṣa

ṛkṣa - star, constellation, nakṣatra

ऋतवः (ṛtavaḥ) - seasons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛtu

ṛtu - season, fixed time

शिशिरादयः (śiśirādayaḥ) - beginning with Śiśira (winter season) (beginning with Śiśira (winter))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śiśirādi

śiśirādi - beginning with Śiśira

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (śiśira+ādi)

• śiśira – cold, cool; winter season
  noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, start
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'ṛtavaḥ'