महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-31, verse-4

अत्र गाथाः कीर्तयन्ति पुराकल्पविदो जनाः ।
अम्बरीषेण या गीता राज्ञा राज्यं प्रशासता ॥४॥

4. atra gāthāḥ kīrtayanti purākalpavido janāḥ ,
ambarīṣeṇa yā gītā rājñā rājyaṁ praśāsatā.

4. atra gāthāḥ kīrtayanti purākalpavidaḥ janāḥ
ambarīṣeṇa yā gītā rājñā rājyam praśāsatā

4. atra purākalpavidaḥ janāḥ rājñā rājyam
praśāsatā ambarīṣeṇa yā gītā gāthāḥ kīrtayanti

4. Regarding this, those who are knowledgeable in ancient traditions recount verses that were sung by King Ambariṣa while he was governing the kingdom.

Words meanings summery:

• अत्र (atra) - regarding this matter (just discussed or about to be discussed) (here, in this regard, on this matter)

• गाथाः (gāthāḥ) - narrative verses (verses, songs, stanzas)

• कीर्तयन्ति (kīrtayanti) - they recount (these verses) (they recount, they proclaim, they sing)

• पुराकल्पविदः (purākalpavidaḥ) - knowers of ancient lore/ages

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

• अम्बरीषेण (ambarīṣeṇa) - by King Ambariṣa (by Ambariṣa)

• या (yā) - which (verses) (which)

• गीता (gītā) - composed and sung (sung, recited)

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by King Ambariṣa (by the king)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, dominion, sovereignty

• प्रशासता (praśāsatā) - (while) governing (the kingdom) (ruling, governing, administrating)

Words meanings and morphology

अत्र (atra) - regarding this matter (just discussed or about to be discussed) (here, in this regard, on this matter)

(indeclinable)

Locative sense from 'idam' (this).

गाथाः (gāthāḥ) - narrative verses (verses, songs, stanzas)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of gāthā

gāthā - verse, song, stanza, narrative poem

Note: Can also be nominative plural, but accusative fits the verb kīrtayanti.

कीर्तयन्ति (kīrtayanti) - they recount (these verses) (they recount, they proclaim, they sing)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kīrtay

causative

Causative form of root kṛt (to mention, to praise).

Root: kṛt (class 10)

पुराकल्पविदः (purākalpavidaḥ) - knowers of ancient lore/ages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of purākalpavid

purākalpavid - knower of ancient times, expert in ancient traditions

Tatpuruṣa compound: purākalpa (ancient tradition/time) + vid (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (purākalpa+vid)

• purākalpa – ancient age, ancient tradition
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knower, wise person
  noun (masculine)
  From root vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man

अम्बरीषेण (ambarīṣeṇa) - by King Ambariṣa (by Ambariṣa)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ambarīṣa

ambarīṣa - Ambariṣa (a mythical king)

या (yā) - which (verses) (which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of yad

yad - which, who

Note: Agrees with gāthāḥ.

गीता (gītā) - composed and sung (sung, recited)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of gīta

gīta - sung, chanted, recited

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gai (to sing).

Root: gai (class 1)

Note: Agrees with gāthāḥ.

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by King Ambariṣa (by the king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, dominion, sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty

प्रशासता (praśāsatā) - (while) governing (the kingdom) (ruling, governing, administrating)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of praśāsat

praśāsat - ruling, governing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root śās (to rule) with prefix pra, and present participle suffix -at.

Prefix: pra

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Agrees with ambarīṣeṇa and rājñā.