महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-31, verse-12

तस्मादेनं सम्यगवेक्ष्य लोभं निगृह्य धृत्यात्मनि राज्यमिच्छेत् ।
एतद्राज्यं नान्यदस्तीति विद्याद्यस्त्वत्र राजा विजितो ममैकः ॥१२॥

12. tasmādenaṁ samyagavekṣya lobhaṁ; nigṛhya dhṛtyātmani rājyamicchet ,
etadrājyaṁ nānyadastīti vidyā;dyastvatra rājā vijito mamaikaḥ.

12. tasmāt enam samyak avekṣya lobham
nigṛhya dhṛtyā ātmani rājyam icchet
etat rājyam na anyat asti iti vidyāt
yaḥ tu atra rājā vijitaḥ mama ekaḥ

12. tasmāt enam lobham samyak avekṣya dhṛtyā nigṛhya ātmani rājyam icchet etat rājyam asti,
na anyat asti iti vidyāt yaḥ tu atra rājā saḥ mama ekaḥ vijitaḥ

12. Therefore, having properly observed this greed, one should restrain it with fortitude and desire dominion over one's own self (ātman). One should know that this is true dominion (rājya) and there is no other, for in this realm, the one who has conquered himself is my only true king.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• एनम् (enam) - this (greed) (this, him)

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, completely, well

• अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having properly understood (having observed, having considered, having perceived)

• लोभम् (lobham) - greed, covetousness

• निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - having restrained, having suppressed

• धृत्या (dhṛtyā) - by fortitude, by firmness, by determination

• आत्मनि (ātmani) - over one's own self (in the self, on the soul, in oneself)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - dominion (over oneself) (dominion, sovereignty, kingdom)

• इच्छेत् (icchet) - one should desire, one should wish

• एतत् (etat) - this (dominion over self) (this)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - true dominion (dominion, sovereignty, kingdom)

• न (na) - not, no

• अन्यत् (anyat) - no other (dominion) (other, another)

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• इति (iti) - introduces what is to be known (thus, so)

• विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, he should know

• यः (yaḥ) - the one who (who, whoever)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• अत्र (atra) - in this realm/context (of self-conquest) (here, in this regard)

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• विजितः (vijitaḥ) - having conquered oneself, self-conquered (conquered, victorious)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• एकः (ekaḥ) - my only (king) (one, sole, alone)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Ablative case of the pronoun 'tad' used adverbially.

एनम् (enam) - this (greed) (this, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with 'lobham'

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, completely, well

(indeclinable)

From prefix sam- + √añc (to bend, go).

Root: añc (class 1)

अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having properly understood (having observed, having considered, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √īkṣ (to see, look) with prefix ava-.

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

लोभम् (lobham) - greed, covetousness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lobha

lobha - greed, covetousness, desire

From root √lubh (to covet, desire)

Root: lubh (class 4)

निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - having restrained, having suppressed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √grah (to seize, hold) with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

धृत्या (dhṛtyā) - by fortitude, by firmness, by determination

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dhṛti

dhṛti - fortitude, firmness, determination, resolution

From root √dhṛ (to hold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

आत्मनि (ātmani) - over one's own self (in the self, on the soul, in oneself)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

राज्यम् (rājyam) - dominion (over oneself) (dominion, sovereignty, kingdom)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty, dominion

From rājan (king)

इच्छेत् (icchet) - one should desire, one should wish

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of iṣ

From root √iṣ, 6th class verb. Optative mood.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

एतत् (etat) - this (dominion over self) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Agrees with 'rājyam'

राज्यम् (rājyam) - true dominion (dominion, sovereignty, kingdom)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty, dominion

From rājan (king)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अन्यत् (anyat) - no other (dominion) (other, another)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Agrees with implied 'rājyam'

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

From root √as, 2nd class verb.

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - introduces what is to be known (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, he should know

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vid

From root √vid, 2nd class (parasmaipada) verb. Optative mood.

Root: vid (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - the one who (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - in this realm/context (of self-conquest) (here, in this regard)

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

विजितः (vijitaḥ) - having conquered oneself, self-conquered (conquered, victorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijita

vijita - conquered, vanquished, victorious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √ji (to conquer) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

एकः (ekaḥ) - my only (king) (one, sole, alone)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, sole, alone

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'