महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-31, verse-1

ब्राह्मण उवाच ।
त्रयो वै रिपवो लोके नव वै गुणतः स्मृताः ।
हर्षः स्तम्भोऽभिमानश्च त्रयस्ते सात्त्विका गुणाः ॥१॥

1. brāhmaṇa uvāca ,
trayo vai ripavo loke nava vai guṇataḥ smṛtāḥ ,
harṣaḥ stambho'bhimānaśca trayaste sāttvikā guṇāḥ.

1. brāhmaṇaḥ uvāca trayaḥ vai ripavaḥ loke nava vai guṇataḥ
smṛtāḥ harṣaḥ stambhaḥ abhimānaḥ ca trayaḥ te sāttvikāḥ guṇāḥ

1. brāhmaṇaḥ uvāca loke trayaḥ vai
ripavaḥ nava vai guṇataḥ smṛtāḥ
harṣaḥ stambhaḥ ca abhimānaḥ
ca te trayaḥ sāttvikāḥ guṇāḥ

1. The Brahmin said: Indeed, there are three enemies in the world; nine are remembered according to their inherent qualities (guṇas). Elation, stubbornness, and ego (ahaṅkāra) – these three are considered the sattvic qualities.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - the Brahmin (referring to the speaker) (a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely (emphasizing particle)

• रिपवः (ripavaḥ) - enemies, foes

• लोके (loke) - in the world (in the world, among people)

• नव (nava) - nine

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely (emphasizing particle)

• गुणतः (guṇataḥ) - according to their inherent qualities (guṇas) (according to qualities, by reason of properties, by attributes)

• स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - remembered, considered (remembered, considered, known)

• हर्षः (harṣaḥ) - elation (joy, delight, elation, excitement)

• स्तम्भः (stambhaḥ) - stubbornness, arrogance (rigidity, stiffness, obstruction, arrogance)

• अभिमानः (abhimānaḥ) - ego (ahaṅkāra) (pride, ego, self-conceit)

• च (ca) - and

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• ते (te) - these (these, those)

• सात्त्विकाः (sāttvikāḥ) - sattvic, pertaining to sattva (the quality of goodness, purity, clarity)

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities (guṇas) (qualities, attributes, constituents of nature (sattva, rajas, tamas))

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - the Brahmin (referring to the speaker) (a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect tense of root vac (2nd class, Parasmaipada)

Root: vac (class 2)

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

वै (vai) - indeed, surely (emphasizing particle)

(indeclinable)

रिपवः (ripavaḥ) - enemies, foes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ripu

ripu - enemy, foe

लोके (loke) - in the world (in the world, among people)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, mankind

Root: loc (class 10)

नव (nava) - nine

(numeral)

Note: Used as a plural numeral, referring to 'guṇāḥ'.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely (emphasizing particle)

(indeclinable)

गुणतः (guṇataḥ) - according to their inherent qualities (guṇas) (according to qualities, by reason of properties, by attributes)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas (ablative/adverbial sense)

Note: Adverbial form indicating 'by means of' or 'according to'.

स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - remembered, considered (remembered, considered, known)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recalled, known, taught

past passive participle

Past passive participle of root smṛ

Root: smṛ (class 1)

हर्षः (harṣaḥ) - elation (joy, delight, elation, excitement)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, elation, excitement

Derived from root hṛṣ

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

स्तम्भः (stambhaḥ) - stubbornness, arrogance (rigidity, stiffness, obstruction, arrogance)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of stambha

stambha - a post, pillar; stiffness, rigidity, arrogance, insensibility

Derived from root stabh/stambh

Root: stambh (class 5)

अभिमानः (abhimānaḥ) - ego (ahaṅkāra) (pride, ego, self-conceit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhimāna

abhimāna - pride, self-conceit, ego, high opinion of oneself (often negative)

Derived from root man with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: man (class 4)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

ते (te) - these (these, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

सात्त्विकाः (sāttvikāḥ) - sattvic, pertaining to sattva (the quality of goodness, purity, clarity)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāttvika

sāttvika - pertaining to sattva; good, pure, virtuous, luminous

Derived from sattva with suffix ṭhak

Note: Agrees with 'guṇāḥ'.

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities (guṇas) (qualities, attributes, constituents of nature (sattva, rajas, tamas))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, property, virtue; a constituent of nature (sattva, rajas, tamas)