महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-31, verse-8

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येन युक्तो जन्तुरयं वैतृष्ण्यं नाधिगच्छति ।
तृष्णार्त इव निम्नानि धावमानो न बुध्यते ॥८॥

8. yena yukto janturayaṁ vaitṛṣṇyaṁ nādhigacchati ,
tṛṣṇārta iva nimnāni dhāvamāno na budhyate.

8. yena yuktaḥ jantuḥ ayam vaitṛṣṇyam na adhigacchati
| tṛṣṇārtaḥ iva nimnāni dhāvamānaḥ na budhyate

8. yena ayam jantuḥ yuktaḥ vaitṛṣṇyam na adhigacchati
tṛṣṇārtaḥ iva nimnāni dhāvamānaḥ na budhyate

8. By which (greed), this creature, being joined (with it), does not attain freedom from desire (vaitṛṣṇya). Like one tormented by thirst (tṛṣṇā) running to low places, he does not comprehend (the nature of his endless pursuit).

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

येन (yena) - by which (referring to the 'fault' - greed - from the previous verse) (by which, by whom)

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - joined (with that fault, greed) (joined, connected, endowed, afflicted)

जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - creature, living being, man

अयम् (ayam) - this (creature) (this, he)

वैतृष्ण्यम् (vaitṛṣṇyam) - freedom from thirst/desire, satiety

न (na) - not, no

अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - attains, obtains, reaches

तृष्णार्तः (tṛṣṇārtaḥ) - afflicted by thirst/desire

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

निम्नानि (nimnāni) - low places, hollows

धावमानः (dhāvamānaḥ) - running, flowing

न (na) - not, no

बुध्यते (budhyate) - understands, knows, perceives

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by which (referring to the 'fault' - greed - from the previous verse) (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Note: Refers to ekaḥ doṣaḥ (greed) from the previous verse.

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - joined (with that fault, greed) (joined, connected, endowed, afflicted)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, united, endowed with, intent on, engaged in, proper, concentrated

Past Passive Participle

From root yuj (to join, to yoked) with suffix kta.

Root: yuj (class 7)

जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - creature, living being, man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jantu

jantu - creature, living being, person, man, offspring

From root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject.

अयम् (ayam) - this (creature) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with jantuḥ.

वैतृष्ण्यम् (vaitṛṣṇyam) - freedom from thirst/desire, satiety

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaitṛṣṇya

vaitṛṣṇya - freedom from thirst, satiety, indifference to worldly objects, lack of desire

Derived from vitṛṣṇa (free from thirst/desire) + ya suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: tṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Object of adhigacchati.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - attains, obtains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of adhigam

Present Active Indicative

Formed from root gam (to go) with prefix adhi.

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Verb for jantuḥ.

तृष्णार्तः (tṛṣṇārtaḥ) - afflicted by thirst/desire

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tṛṣṇārta

tṛṣṇārta - afflicted by thirst, distressed by desire

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tṛṣṇā+ārta)

tṛṣṇā – thirst, desire, craving
noun (feminine)
Root: tṛṣ (class 4)
ārta – afflicted, distressed, tormented
participle
Past Passive Participle
From root ṛ (to go, move) with prefix ā and suffix kta. Or from ārt, 'to pain'.
Prefix: ā
Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with implied jantuḥ or saḥ (he).

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

निम्नानि (nimnāni) - low places, hollows

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of nimna

nimna - low, deep, sunken, a low place, hollow

From ni + nam (to bend down).

Prefix: ni

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Object of dhāvamānaḥ (running towards).

धावमानः (dhāvamānaḥ) - running, flowing