महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-25, verse-17

तत्र सामानि गायन्ति तानि चाहुर्निदर्शनम् ।
देवं नारायणं भीरु सर्वात्मानं निबोध मे ॥१७॥

17. tatra sāmāni gāyanti tāni cāhurnidarśanam ,
devaṁ nārāyaṇaṁ bhīru sarvātmānaṁ nibodha me.

17. tatra sāmāni gāyanti tāni ca āhuḥ nidarśanam
devam nārāyaṇam bhīru sarvātmanam nibodha me

17. tatra (te) sāmāni gāyanti ca tāni nidarśanam āhuḥ
bhīru! me devam nārāyaṇam sarvātmanam nibodha

17. There, they chant the Samavedic hymns, and they declare these (hymns) to be an illustration. O timid one, understand from me that Narayana is the supreme deity, the self of all (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case, in that matter

• सामानि (sāmāni) - Samavedic hymns, chants

• गायन्ति (gāyanti) - they sing, they chant

• तानि (tāni) - those (neuter)

• च (ca) - and, also

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they call

• निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - an illustration, an example, a proof

• देवम् (devam) - the god, the deity

• नारायणम् (nārāyaṇam) - Narayana (accusative)

• भीरु (bhīru) - O timid one, O fearful one

• सर्वात्मनम् (sarvātmanam) - the self of all, the universal self (ātman)

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, know, perceive

• मे (me) - from me, my, to me

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case, in that matter

(indeclinable)

Locative suffix 'tra' added to 'ta' (pronominal stem).

Note: Adverb of place or circumstance.

सामानि (sāmāni) - Samavedic hymns, chants

(noun)

neuter, plural of sāman

sāman - a chant, a hymn of the Samaveda, reconciliation

Root: san (class 1)

गायन्ति (gāyanti) - they sing, they chant

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gai

Present Active

3rd person plural, present tense, active voice. Root gai (1st conjugation, parasmaipada).

Root: gai (class 1)

तानि (tāni) - those (neuter)

(pronoun)

neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Neuter nominative/accusative plural of 'tad'.

Note: Refers to 'sāmāni'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they call

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ah

Present Active

3rd person plural, present tense, active voice. Irregular verb from root ah (2nd conjugation, parasmaipada).

Root: ah (class 2)

निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - an illustration, an example, a proof

(noun)

neuter, singular of nidarśana

nidarśana - illustration, example, proof, manifestation, view

From 'ni' + root dṛś (to see) + suffix 'ana'.

Prefix: ni

Root: dṛś (class 1)

देवम् (devam) - the god, the deity

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine

Root: div (class 1)

नारायणम् (nārāyaṇam) - Narayana (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nārāyaṇa

nārāyaṇa - Narayana (a name of Vishnu/Supreme Being)

भीरु (bhīru) - O timid one, O fearful one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine/feminine, singular of bhīru

bhīru - timid, fearful, cowardly

Can be used as a noun in vocative.

Root: bhī (class 3)

सर्वात्मनम् (sarvātmanam) - the self of all, the universal self (ātman)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sarvātman

sarvātman - the universal soul, the soul of all, the supreme spirit

Compound of 'sarva' (all) and 'ātman' (self).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+ātman)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun/adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, know, perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of budh

Imperative Active

2nd person singular, imperative mood, active voice. Root budh (1st conjugation, parasmaipada) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

मे (me) - from me, my, to me

(pronoun)

singular of mad

mad - I, me (pronominal stem)

Dative/Genitive singular of 'mad' (I/me).

Note: Used here in the sense of 'from me' (instruction source) or 'my' (as in 'my instruction').