महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-25, verse-11

अत्ता ह्यन्नमिदं विद्वान्पुनर्जनयतीश्वरः ।
स चान्नाज्जायते तस्मिन्सूक्ष्मो नाम व्यतिक्रमः ॥११॥

11. attā hyannamidaṁ vidvānpunarjanayatīśvaraḥ ,
sa cānnājjāyate tasminsūkṣmo nāma vyatikramaḥ.

11. attā hi annam idam vidvān punar janayati īśvaraḥ
saḥ ca annāt jāyate tasmin sūkṣmaḥ nāma vyatikramaḥ

11. hi vidvān īśvaraḥ attā idam annam punar janayati
saḥ ca annāt jāyate tasmin sūkṣmaḥ nāma vyatikramaḥ

11. Indeed, the wise controller (īśvara), who is also the eater, regenerates this food. And he (the controller) himself is born from food. In this process, there exists a subtle irregularity, known as a transgression (vyatikrama).

Words meanings summery:

• अत्ता (attā) - the eater (as an epithet for the controller) (the eater, the consumer)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely

• अन्नम् (annam) - food

• इदम् (idam) - this (food) (this)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - the wise (controller) (wise, learned, discerning)

• पुनर् (punar) - again, back, moreover

• जनयति (janayati) - regenerates (produces, generates, causes to be born)

• ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - the wise controller (īśvara) (the lord, the controller, the master)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the controller) (he, that)

• च (ca) - and

• अन्नात् (annāt) - from food

• जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises, comes into being

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in this process (of regeneration and birth) (in that, in this)

• सूक्ष्मः (sūkṣmaḥ) - subtle, minute, fine

• नाम (nāma) - known as, by name (by name, indeed, as it were)

• व्यतिक्रमः (vyatikramaḥ) - transgression, irregularity, violation, error

Words meanings and morphology

अत्ता (attā) - the eater (as an epithet for the controller) (the eater, the consumer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of attṛ

attṛ - eater, consumer

Agent noun from root ad 'to eat' with tṛc suffix.

Root: ad (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

अन्नम् (annam) - food

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, boiled rice, grain

Root: ad (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this (food) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Refers to annam.

विद्वान् (vidvān) - the wise (controller) (wise, learned, discerning)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - knowing, learned, wise

present active participle

From root vid (2nd class), present active participle (śatṛ), nominative singular masculine.

Root: vid (class 2)

पुनर् (punar) - again, back, moreover

(indeclinable)

जनयति (janayati) - regenerates (produces, generates, causes to be born)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jan

present causative tense

From root jan (4th class), causative, present tense, active voice, 3rd person singular.

Root: jan (class 4)

ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - the wise controller (īśvara) (the lord, the controller, the master)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īśvara

īśvara - lord, master, king, controller, god

From root īś 'to rule, to own' with vara suffix.

Root: īś (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he (the controller) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him, it

Note: Refers back to īśvaraḥ / attā.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अन्नात् (annāt) - from food

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, boiled rice, grain

Root: ad (class 2)

जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises, comes into being

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

present tense

From root jan (4th class), present tense, middle voice, 3rd person singular.

Root: jan (class 4)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in this process (of regeneration and birth) (in that, in this)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to the context or cycle of creation/birth.

सूक्ष्मः (sūkṣmaḥ) - subtle, minute, fine

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūkṣma

sūkṣma - subtle, minute, fine, delicate, imperceptible

नाम (nāma) - known as, by name (by name, indeed, as it were)

(indeclinable)

व्यतिक्रमः (vyatikramaḥ) - transgression, irregularity, violation, error

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyatikrama

vyatikrama - transgression, violation, error, irregularity, deviation

From upasargas vi- and ati- combined with root kram 'to step'.

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (vi+ati+krama)

• vi – apart, asunder, distinct
  upasarga
• ati – over, beyond, exceeding
  upasarga
• krama – step, course, order, going
  noun (masculine)
  From root kram 'to step'.
  Root: kram (class 1)