महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-24, verse-13

निर्द्वंद्वमिति
यत्त्वेतत्तन्मे निगदतः शृणु ॥१३॥

13. nirdvaṁdvamiti yattvetattanme
nigadataḥ śṛṇu.

13. nirdvandvam iti yat tu
etat tat me nigadataḥ śṛṇu

13. tu me nigadataḥ etat yat
nirdvandvam iti tat śṛṇu

13. Now, listen to me as I explain what is meant by 'free from duality' (nirdvandva).

Words meanings summery:

• निर्द्वन्द्वम् (nirdvandvam) - Referring to a state beyond dualistic perception or relative existence. (free from duality; without pairs of opposites)

• इति (iti) - Marks "free from duality" as a concept or statement. (thus; so; in this manner; indicating a quotation or conclusion)

• यत् (yat) - Serves as a relative pronoun, referring to the concept of nirdvandvam. (which, what, that)

• तु (tu) - Introduces a slight contrast or emphasis for the explanation. (but, indeed, however, moreover)

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the topic being discussed, i.e., "free from duality". (this, this one)

• तत् (tat) - Correlative to `yat`, referring back to "this which is free from duality". (that, this)

• मे (me) - "From me" (as the speaker). (to me, for me, by me, from me, my)

• निगदतः (nigadataḥ) - As I (the speaker) explain. Genitive singular, agreeing with `me` or implying "from me who is explaining". (speaking, explaining, declaring)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - An instruction to the listener. (listen, hear)

Words meanings and morphology

निर्द्वन्द्वम् (nirdvandvam) - Referring to a state beyond dualistic perception or relative existence. (free from duality; without pairs of opposites)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of nirdvandva

nirdvandva - free from duality or pairs of opposites (like pleasure/pain, heat/cold); non-dual

Bahuvrīhi compound: nis (without) + dvandva (duality).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+dvandva)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• dvandva – pair, couple, duality, pair of opposites
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used substantively as the subject/object of explanation.

इति (iti) - Marks "free from duality" as a concept or statement. (thus; so; in this manner; indicating a quotation or conclusion)

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - Serves as a relative pronoun, referring to the concept of nirdvandvam. (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Forms part of the correlative pair `yad...tad`.

तु (tu) - Introduces a slight contrast or emphasis for the explanation. (but, indeed, however, moreover)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the topic being discussed, i.e., "free from duality". (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, that

Note: Used with `yat` in a correlative sense.

तत् (tat) - Correlative to `yat`, referring back to "this which is free from duality". (that, this)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Null gender for the base indicates it declines for all genders. Here neuter because it refers to `nirdvandvam`.

मे (me) - "From me" (as the speaker). (to me, for me, by me, from me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I, me (first person singular pronoun)

Note: Genitive indicating the source of explanation.

निगदतः (nigadataḥ) - As I (the speaker) explain. Genitive singular, agreeing with `me` or implying "from me who is explaining". (speaking, explaining, declaring)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nigadat

nigadat - speaking, explaining, declaring

Present Active Participle

From ni + √gad (to speak, say)

Prefix: ni

Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (speaker, `aham` -> `me`).

शृणु (śṛṇu) - An instruction to the listener. (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)