महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-12, verse-5

हर्षेण बाध्यते शोको हर्षः शोकेन बाध्यते ।
कश्चिद्दुःखे वर्तमानः सुखस्य स्मर्तुमिच्छति ।
कश्चित्सुखे वर्तमानो दुःखस्य स्मर्तुमिच्छति ॥५॥

5. harṣeṇa bādhyate śoko harṣaḥ śokena bādhyate ,
kaścidduḥkhe vartamānaḥ sukhasya smartumicchati ,
kaścitsukhe vartamāno duḥkhasya smartumicchati.

5. harṣeṇa bādhyate śokaḥ harṣaḥ śokena
bādhyate kaścit duḥkhe vartamānaḥ
sukhasya smartum icchati kaścit sukhe
vartamānaḥ duḥkhasya smartum icchati

5. śokaḥ harṣeṇa bādhyate harṣaḥ śokena
bādhyate kaścit duḥkhe vartamānaḥ
sukhasya smartum icchati kaścit sukhe
vartamānaḥ duḥkhasya smartum icchati

5. Sorrow is overcome by joy, and joy is overcome by sorrow. Someone who is experiencing sorrow wishes to remember happiness, and someone who is experiencing happiness wishes to remember sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• हर्षेण (harṣeṇa) - by joy, by delight

• बाध्यते (bādhyate) - is afflicted, is overcome, is oppressed

• शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow, grief, lamentation

• हर्षः (harṣaḥ) - joy, delight

• शोकेन (śokena) - by sorrow, by grief

• बाध्यते (bādhyate) - is afflicted, is overcome, is oppressed

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, a certain person

• दुःखे (duḥkhe) - while in a state of sorrow (in sorrow, in suffering)

• वर्तमानः (vartamānaḥ) - who is currently experiencing (being, existing, present)

• सुखस्य (sukhasya) - of happiness, of pleasure

• स्मर्तुम् (smartum) - to remember, to recall

• इच्छति (icchati) - wishes, desires, wants

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, a certain person

• सुखे (sukhe) - while in a state of happiness (in happiness, in pleasure)

• वर्तमानः (vartamānaḥ) - who is currently experiencing (being, existing, present)

• दुःखस्य (duḥkhasya) - of sorrow, of suffering

• स्मर्तुम् (smartum) - to remember, to recall

• इच्छति (icchati) - wishes, desires, wants

Words meanings and morphology

हर्षेण (harṣeṇa) - by joy, by delight

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, pleasure, excitement

From root hṛṣ 'to be thrilled, to rejoice'

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Agent in passive construction.

बाध्यते (bādhyate) - is afflicted, is overcome, is oppressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of bādh

Root: bādh (class 1)

Note: The subject is `śokaḥ`.

शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow, grief, lamentation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation, anguish

From root śuc 'to grieve'

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Subject of `bādhyate`.

हर्षः (harṣaḥ) - joy, delight

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, pleasure, excitement

From root hṛṣ 'to be thrilled, to rejoice'

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Subject of `bādhyate`.

शोकेन (śokena) - by sorrow, by grief

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation, anguish

From root śuc 'to grieve'

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Agent in passive construction.

बाध्यते (bādhyate) - is afflicted, is overcome, is oppressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of bādh

Root: bādh (class 1)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, a certain person

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, a certain person, anyone

Compound of kim (what, who) and cid (an indefiniteness particle)

दुःखे (duḥkhe) - while in a state of sorrow (in sorrow, in suffering)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, unhappiness, misery

Note: Denotes the state or condition.

वर्तमानः (vartamānaḥ) - who is currently experiencing (being, existing, present)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, moving, happening

Present Active Participle

From root vṛt 'to be, to exist' with suffix śānac

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `kaścit`.

सुखस्य (sukhasya) - of happiness, of pleasure

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, comfort, ease

Note: Object of remembering.

स्मर्तुम् (smartum) - to remember, to recall

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root smṛ 'to remember', with suffix -tum

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose or intention.

इच्छति (icchati) - wishes, desires, wants

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of iṣ

From root iṣ 'to wish'

Root: iṣ (class 6)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, a certain person

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, a certain person, anyone

Compound of kim (what, who) and cid (an indefiniteness particle)

सुखे (sukhe) - while in a state of happiness (in happiness, in pleasure)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, comfort, ease

Note: Denotes the state or condition.

वर्तमानः (vartamānaḥ) - who is currently experiencing (being, existing, present)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, moving, happening

Present Active Participle

From root vṛt 'to be, to exist' with suffix śānac

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `kaścit`.

दुःखस्य (duḥkhasya) - of sorrow, of suffering

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, unhappiness, misery

Note: Object of remembering.

स्मर्तुम् (smartum) - to remember, to recall

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root smṛ 'to remember', with suffix -tum

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose or intention.

इच्छति (icchati) - wishes, desires, wants

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of iṣ

From root iṣ 'to wish'

Root: iṣ (class 6)