महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-96, verse-6

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अथ यः क्षत्रियो राजा क्षत्रियं प्रत्युपाव्रजेत् ।
कथं स प्रतियोद्धव्यस्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥६॥

6. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
atha yaḥ kṣatriyo rājā kṣatriyaṁ pratyupāvrajet ,
kathaṁ sa pratiyoddhavyastanme brūhi pitāmaha.

6. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca atha yaḥ kṣatriyaḥ rājā kṣatriyam prati
upāvrajet katham saḥ pratiyoddhavyaḥ tat me brūhi pitāmaha

6. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha atha yaḥ kṣatriyaḥ rājā kṣatriyam
prati upāvrajet saḥ katham pratiyoddhavyaḥ tat me brūhi

6. Yudhishthira said: "Now, O Grandfather, if a Kshatriya king advances against another Kshatriya, how should he be opposed? Please tell me that."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - One of the Pandava brothers, the eldest and king. (Yudhishthira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अथ (atha) - now, then

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - Kshatriya (warrior)

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• क्षत्रियम् (kṣatriyam) - Kshatriya (warrior)

• प्रति (prati) - against, towards

• उपाव्रजेत् (upāvrajet) - should approach, should advance against

• कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the Kshatriya king from the previous clause. (he, that)

• प्रतियोद्धव्यः (pratiyoddhavyaḥ) - should be fought against, to be opposed

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the method of opposition. (that)

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell!, speak!

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Yudhishthira addresses Bhishma as grandfather. (O Grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - One of the Pandava brothers, the eldest and king. (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, 'steady in battle')

Compound type : aluk-saptamī-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (neuter)
  locative singular of 'yudh' (battle)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Kṛt suffix -ira
  from root 'sthā' (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अथ (atha) - now, then

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - Kshatriya (warrior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - warrior, member of the warrior class, regal

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, monarch, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

क्षत्रियम् (kṣatriyam) - Kshatriya (warrior)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - warrior, member of the warrior class, regal

प्रति (prati) - against, towards

(indeclinable)

prefix or preposition

Note: Used here as a prefix to the verb 'upāvrajet'.

उपाव्रजेत् (upāvrajet) - should approach, should advance against

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of upāvraj

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: vraj (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the Kshatriya king from the previous clause. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रतियोद्धव्यः (pratiyoddhavyaḥ) - should be fought against, to be opposed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratiyoddhavya

pratiyoddhavya - to be fought against, to be resisted, challengeable

Gerundive

from root 'yudh' (to fight) with prefix 'prati', formed with suffix -tavya

Prefix: prati

Root: yudh (class 4)

तत् (tat) - Refers to the method of opposition. (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Can also be genitive, but dative fits here 'tell to me'.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell!, speak!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Yudhishthira addresses Bhishma as grandfather. (O Grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, great father

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, large, important
  adjective (masculine)