महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-12, chapter-96, verse-4
ते चेदक्षत्रियाः सन्तो विरुध्येयुः कथंचन ।
सर्वोपायैर्नियन्तव्या विकर्मस्था नराधिप ॥४॥
सर्वोपायैर्नियन्तव्या विकर्मस्था नराधिप ॥४॥
4. te cedakṣatriyāḥ santo virudhyeyuḥ kathaṁcana ,
sarvopāyairniyantavyā vikarmasthā narādhipa.
sarvopāyairniyantavyā vikarmasthā narādhipa.
4.
te cet akṣatriyāḥ santaḥ virudhyeyuḥ kathaṃcana
sarvopāyaiḥ niyantavyāḥ vikarmasthāḥ narādhipa
sarvopāyaiḥ niyantavyāḥ vikarmasthāḥ narādhipa
4.
narādhipa cet te akṣatriyāḥ santaḥ kathaṃcana
virudhyeyuḥ vikarmasthāḥ sarvopāyaiḥ niyantavyāḥ
virudhyeyuḥ vikarmasthāḥ sarvopāyaiḥ niyantavyāḥ
4.
O King, if those who are not Kshatriyas were to somehow offer resistance, then they, being engaged in unrighteous (karma) actions, must be restrained by all possible means.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ते (te) - they
- चेत् (cet) - if
- अक्षत्रियाः (akṣatriyāḥ) - non-Kshatriyas, not belonging to the warrior class
- सन्तः (santaḥ) - being, existing
- विरुध्येयुः (virudhyeyuḥ) - they should resist, they should oppose
- कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - somehow, by any means, in any way
- सर्वोपायैः (sarvopāyaiḥ) - by all means, by all methods
- नियन्तव्याः (niyantavyāḥ) - should be restrained, must be controlled
- विकर्मस्थाः (vikarmasthāḥ) - situated in wrong actions, engaged in unrighteous (karma)
- नराधिप (narādhipa) - Addressed to Dhritarashtra by Bhishma. (O king, O ruler of men)
Words meanings and morphology
ते (te) - they
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
चेत् (cet) - if
(indeclinable)
अक्षत्रियाः (akṣatriyāḥ) - non-Kshatriyas, not belonging to the warrior class
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of akṣatriya
akṣatriya - not a warrior, not a Kshatriya
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣatriya)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
negative prefix - kṣatriya – warrior, member of the warrior class
noun (masculine)
सन्तः (santaḥ) - being, existing
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sat
sat - being, existing, good, virtuous
Present Active Participle
from root 'as' (to be), class 2
Root: as (class 2)
विरुध्येयुः (virudhyeyuḥ) - they should resist, they should oppose
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, optative (vidhi liṅ) of virudh
Prefix: vi
Root: rudh (class 7)
कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - somehow, by any means, in any way
(indeclinable)
सर्वोपायैः (sarvopāyaiḥ) - by all means, by all methods
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarvopāya
sarvopāya - all means, every method
Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+upāya)
- sarva – all, every, whole
pronoun (masculine) - upāya – means, method, resource, expedient
noun (masculine)
from root 'iñ' (to go) with 'upa'
Prefix: upa
Root: iñ (class 2)
नियन्तव्याः (niyantavyāḥ) - should be restrained, must be controlled
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of niyantavya
niyantavya - to be restrained, to be controlled, controllable
Gerundive
from root 'yam' (to control) with prefix 'ni', formed with suffix -tavya
Prefix: ni
Root: yam (class 1)
विकर्मस्थाः (vikarmasthāḥ) - situated in wrong actions, engaged in unrighteous (karma)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of vikarmastha
vikarmastha - standing in wrong actions, engaged in evil deeds
Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (vikarma+stha)
- vikarma – wrong action, evil deed, unrighteous (karma)
noun (neuter)
compound 'vi' (bad) + 'karma' (action)
Prefix: vi - stha – standing, situated, abiding
adjective (masculine)
Kṛt suffix -ṭha
from root 'sthā' (to stand), formed with suffix -kha / -ṭha
Root: sthā (class 1)
नराधिप (narādhipa) - Addressed to Dhritarashtra by Bhishma. (O king, O ruler of men)
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa
narādhipa - king, lord of men
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)
- nara – man, human being
noun (masculine) - adhipa – ruler, lord, master
noun (masculine)
from root 'pā' (to protect) with 'adhi'
Prefix: adhi
Root: pā (class 2)