महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-96, verse-10

नाश्वेन रथिनं यायादुदियाद्रथिनं रथी ।
व्यसने न प्रहर्तव्यं न भीताय जिताय च ॥१०॥

10. nāśvena rathinaṁ yāyādudiyādrathinaṁ rathī ,
vyasane na prahartavyaṁ na bhītāya jitāya ca.

10. na aśvena rathinam yāyāt udayāt rathinam rathī
| vyasane na prahartavyam na bhītāya jitāya ca

10. aśvena rathinam na yāyāt rathī rathinam udayāt
vyasane na prahartavyam na bhītāya ca jitāya

10. One should not attack a charioteer while riding a horse; rather, a charioteer should confront a charioteer. One should not strike someone in distress, nor one who is afraid, nor one who has been conquered.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अश्वेन (aśvena) - by a horse, on horseback

• रथिनम् (rathinam) - a charioteer (acc.)

• यायात् (yāyāt) - one should go, he should go (against)

• उदियात् (udiyāt) - one should rise up, one should go against

• रथिनम् (rathinam) - a charioteer (acc.)

• रथी (rathī) - a charioteer (nom.)

• व्यसने (vyasane) - in distress, in misfortune

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रहर्तव्यम् (prahartavyam) - should not be struck, one should not strike

• न (na) - not, no

• भीताय (bhītāya) - to the frightened one

• जिताय (jitāya) - to the conquered one

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अश्वेन (aśvena) - by a horse, on horseback

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of aśva

aśva - horse

रथिनम् (rathinam) - a charioteer (acc.)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathin

rathin - a charioteer, one who has a chariot

Derived from 'ratha' (chariot) with suffix '-in'

यायात् (yāyāt) - one should go, he should go (against)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of yā

Optative Mood, Third Person Singular

Root: yā (class 2)

उदियात् (udiyāt) - one should rise up, one should go against

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of i

Optative Mood, Third Person Singular

Derived from √i 'to go' with prefix ut-

Prefix: ut

Root: i (class 2)

रथिनम् (rathinam) - a charioteer (acc.)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathin

rathin - a charioteer, one who has a chariot

Derived from 'ratha' (chariot) with suffix '-in'

रथी (rathī) - a charioteer (nom.)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathin

rathin - a charioteer, one who has a chariot

Derived from 'ratha' (chariot) with suffix '-in'

व्यसने (vyasane) - in distress, in misfortune

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - distress, misfortune, calamity, addiction

Derived from vi-as (√as 'to throw') with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्रहर्तव्यम् (prahartavyam) - should not be struck, one should not strike

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prahartavya

prahartavya - to be struck, fit to be struck

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from pra-hṛ (√hṛ 'to strike') with prefix pra- and suffix -tavya

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

भीताय (bhītāya) - to the frightened one

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, scared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √bhī 'to fear'

Root: bhī (class 3)

जिताय (jitāya) - to the conquered one

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of jita

jita - conquered, won, subdued

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √ji 'to conquer'

Root: ji (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)