महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-346, verse-3

तेऽपश्यन्पुलिने तं वै विविक्ते नियतव्रतम् ।
समासीनं निराहारं द्विजं जप्यपरायणम् ॥३॥

3. te'paśyanpuline taṁ vai vivikte niyatavratam ,
samāsīnaṁ nirāhāraṁ dvijaṁ japyaparāyaṇam.

3. te apaśyan puline taṃ vai vivikte niyatavratam
samāsīnam nirāhāram dvijam japyaparāyaṇam

3. te vai puline vivikte niyatavratam samāsīnam
nirāhāram japyaparāyaṇam taṃ dvijam apaśyan

3. They indeed saw that brahmin (dvija) on a secluded sandbank, seated and fasting, observing strict vows and devoted to prayer (japa).

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they

• अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - they saw

• पुलिने (puline) - on the sandbank, on the river bank

• तं (taṁ) - him, that

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

• विविक्ते (vivikte) - on a secluded sandbank (in a secluded place, solitary)

• नियतव्रतम् (niyatavratam) - the brahmin observing strict vows (observing firm vows, having strict discipline)

• समासीनम् (samāsīnam) - the brahmin who was seated (seated, sitting)

• निराहारम् (nirāhāram) - the brahmin who was fasting (without food, fasting, abstaining from food)

• द्विजम् (dvijam) - the brahmin (dvija) (the twice-born (brahmin), bird, snake, tooth)

• जप्यपरायणम् (japyaparāyaṇam) - the brahmin devoted to prayer (japa) (devoted to recitation (japa), intent on chanting prayers)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the relatives.

अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - they saw

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paś

Imperfect Active Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Derived from root dṛś (to see), with the root being replaced by paśya- in certain tenses.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पुलिने (puline) - on the sandbank, on the river bank

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pulina

pulina - sandbank, sandy beach, river island

तं (taṁ) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the brahmin.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

विविक्ते (vivikte) - on a secluded sandbank (in a secluded place, solitary)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vivikta

vivikta - secluded, solitary, isolated, pure

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vic- (to separate, distinguish) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: vic (class 7)

नियतव्रतम् (niyatavratam) - the brahmin observing strict vows (observing firm vows, having strict discipline)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niyatavrata

niyatavrata - one who has firm vows, observing strict vows or discipline

Compound type : bahuvrihi (niyata+vrata)

• niyata – restrained, controlled, firm, fixed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yam- (to restrain, control) with prefix ni-.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice, discipline
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies the brahmin.

समासीनम् (samāsīnam) - the brahmin who was seated (seated, sitting)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samāsīna

samāsīna - seated, sitting, settled

Present Participle (ātmanepada)

Derived from root ās- (to sit) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the brahmin.

निराहारम् (nirāhāram) - the brahmin who was fasting (without food, fasting, abstaining from food)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nirāhāra

nirāhāra - without food, fasting, abstinent

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+āhāra)

• nis – without, out, free from
  indeclinable
• āhāra – food, diet, taking in
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root hṛ- (to take, carry) with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the brahmin.

द्विजम् (dvijam) - the brahmin (dvija) (the twice-born (brahmin), bird, snake, tooth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (brahmin, kṣatriya, vaiśya), bird, snake, tooth

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  suffix -ja
  Derived from root jan- (to be born, produce).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: The object being seen.

जप्यपरायणम् (japyaparāyaṇam) - the brahmin devoted to prayer (japa) (devoted to recitation (japa), intent on chanting prayers)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of japyaparāyaṇa

japyaparāyaṇa - devoted to chanting, intent on muttering prayers (japa)

Compound type : tatpurusha (japya+parāyaṇa)

• japya – to be muttered, to be recited, incantation, private prayer (japa)
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  Derived from root jap- (to mutter, whisper).
  Root: jap (class 1)
• parāyaṇa – chief object, ultimate end, devotion, intent on
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root i- (to go) with prefixes parā- and ā- (verbal noun).
  Prefixes: parā+ā
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the brahmin.