महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-346, verse-12

कर्तव्यो न च संतापो गम्यतां च यथागतम् ।
तन्निमित्तं व्रतं मह्यं नैतद्भेत्तुमिहार्हथ ॥१२॥

12. kartavyo na ca saṁtāpo gamyatāṁ ca yathāgatam ,
tannimittaṁ vrataṁ mahyaṁ naitadbhettumihārhatha.

12. kartavyaḥ na ca saṃtāpaḥ gamyatām ca yathāgatam
tat-nimittam vratam mahyam na etat bhettum iha arhatha

12. saṃtāpaḥ na ca kartavyaḥ ca yathāgatam gamyatām etat
vratam mahyam tat-nimittam iha bhettum na arhatha

12. No distress should be caused, and you (plural) should depart as you arrived. This observance (vrata) is for my purpose, and you ought not to break it here.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - should be caused (or done) (to be done, proper to be done, should be done)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• संतापः (saṁtāpaḥ) - distress, sorrow (heat, torment, distress, sorrow)

• गम्यताम् (gamyatām) - let it be gone (you should go) (let it be gone, let one go, go)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - in the manner you arrived (as it came, as it happened, in the manner one came)

• तत्-निमित्तम् (tat-nimittam) - for that purpose (for that purpose, caused by that)

• व्रतम् (vratam) - this observance (vrata) (vow, sacred observance, religious practice)

• मह्यम् (mahyam) - for me (the brahmin) (to me, for me)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• एतत् (etat) - this (vow) (this (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

• भेत्तुम् (bhettum) - to break (the vow) (to break, to split, to violate)

• इह (iha) - here (in this place/situation) (here, in this world, in this matter)

• अर्हथ (arhatha) - you (plural) ought (you (plural) ought, are able, deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - should be caused (or done) (to be done, proper to be done, should be done)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, to be made, proper to be done

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle) of √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Implies obligation or necessity.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

संतापः (saṁtāpaḥ) - distress, sorrow (heat, torment, distress, sorrow)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃtāpa

saṁtāpa - intense heat, torment, affliction, distress, sorrow

from sam- + √tap (to heat, torment)

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject of kartavyaḥ.

गम्यताम् (gamyatām) - let it be gone (you should go) (let it be gone, let one go, go)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of gam

Imperative Passive

3rd person singular Imperative passive voice of √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the serpents.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - in the manner you arrived (as it came, as it happened, in the manner one came)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+āgata)

• yathā – as, according to
  indeclinable
• āgata – come, arrived
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of ā- + √gam (to go)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially.

तत्-निमित्तम् (tat-nimittam) - for that purpose (for that purpose, caused by that)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of tat-nimitta

tat-nimitta - for that reason, caused by that

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tad+nimitta)

• tad – that
  pronoun (neuter)
• nimitta – cause, reason, purpose
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate adjective to vratam.

व्रतम् (vratam) - this observance (vrata) (vow, sacred observance, religious practice)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, sacred observance, religious practice, rule

मह्यम् (mahyam) - for me (the brahmin) (to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Expresses possession or purpose.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates arhatha.

एतत् (etat) - this (vow) (this (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Object of bhettum.

भेत्तुम् (bhettum) - to break (the vow) (to break, to split, to violate)

(verb)

infinitive of bhid

Infinitive

Infinitive of √bhid (to break)

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Used with arhatha.

इह (iha) - here (in this place/situation) (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the immediate context.

अर्हथ (arhatha) - you (plural) ought (you (plural) ought, are able, deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Active

2nd person plural Present tense active voice of √arh (to deserve, be able)

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Refers to the serpents.