महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-181, verse-5

ब्राह्मणानां सितो वर्णः क्षत्रियाणां तु लोहितः ।
वैश्यानां पीतको वर्णः शूद्राणामसितस्तथा ॥५॥

5. brāhmaṇānāṁ sito varṇaḥ kṣatriyāṇāṁ tu lohitaḥ ,
vaiśyānāṁ pītako varṇaḥ śūdrāṇāmasitastathā.

5. brāhmaṇānām sitaḥ varṇaḥ kṣatriyāṇām tu lohitaḥ
vaiśyānām pītakaḥ varṇaḥ śūdrāṇām asitaḥ tathā

5. brāhmaṇānām varṇaḥ sitaḥ,
kṣatriyāṇām tu lohitaḥ,
vaiśyānām varṇaḥ pītakaḥ,
tathā śūdrāṇām asitaḥ

5. The color of Brahmins is white, that of Kshatriyas is red; the color of Vaishyas is yellow, and similarly, that of Shudras is black.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

• सितः (sitaḥ) - white (color) (white, pale, bound)

• वर्णः (varṇaḥ) - color (color, class, caste, complexion)

• क्षत्रियाणाम् (kṣatriyāṇām) - of Kshatriyas

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• लोहितः (lohitaḥ) - red (color) (red, reddish)

• वैश्यानाम् (vaiśyānām) - of Vaishyas

• पीतकः (pītakaḥ) - yellow (color) (yellow, yellowish)

• वर्णः (varṇaḥ) - color (color, class, caste, complexion)

• शूद्राणाम् (śūdrāṇām) - of Shudras

• असितः (asitaḥ) - black (color) (black, dark, unchained)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, also

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, member of the priestly class

from brahman (sacred knowledge/priest) + aṇ

सितः (sitaḥ) - white (color) (white, pale, bound)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sita

sita - white, pale, bound, tied

Past Passive Participle

from √si (to bind) or √śvit (to be white)

Root: si (class 5)

Note: Agrees with varṇaḥ

वर्णः (varṇaḥ) - color (color, class, caste, complexion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of varṇa

varṇa - color, class, caste, complexion, character, sound

from √vṛ (to cover, to choose)

Root: vṛ (class 9)

क्षत्रियाणाम् (kṣatriyāṇām) - of Kshatriyas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - Kshatriya, member of the warrior or ruling class

from kṣatra (rule, dominion) + iya

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

लोहितः (lohitaḥ) - red (color) (red, reddish)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lohita

lohita - red, reddish, copper-colored

from loha (copper, iron)

Note: Agrees with implied varṇaḥ

वैश्यानाम् (vaiśyānām) - of Vaishyas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vaiśya

vaiśya - Vaishya, member of the merchant, agricultural, or artisan class

from viś (settlement, community) + ya

पीतकः (pītakaḥ) - yellow (color) (yellow, yellowish)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pītaka

pītaka - yellow, yellowish

from pīta (yellow) + ka

Note: Agrees with varṇaḥ

वर्णः (varṇaḥ) - color (color, class, caste, complexion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of varṇa

varṇa - color, class, caste, complexion, character, sound

from √vṛ (to cover, to choose)

Root: vṛ (class 9)

शूद्राणाम् (śūdrāṇām) - of Shudras

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śūdra

śūdra - Shudra, member of the laboring class

असितः (asitaḥ) - black (color) (black, dark, unchained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asita

asita - black, dark; unchained, unbound

a (not) + sita (white or bound)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+sita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• sita – white, pale, bound
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from √si (to bind) or √śvit (to be white)
  Root: si (class 5)

Note: Agrees with implied varṇaḥ

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, also

(indeclinable)