महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-174, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
यद्यस्ति दत्तमिष्टं वा तपस्तप्तं तथैव च ।
गुरूणां चापि शुश्रूषा तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
yadyasti dattamiṣṭaṁ vā tapastaptaṁ tathaiva ca ,
gurūṇāṁ cāpi śuśrūṣā tanme brūhi pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | yadi asti dattam iṣṭam vā tapaḥ taptam
tathā eva ca | gurūṇām ca api śuśrūṣā tat me brūhi pitāmaha

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca pitāmaha,
yadi dattam vā iṣṭam vā tapaḥ taptam tathā eva ca gurūṇām ca api śuśrūṣā asti,
tat me brūhi

1. Yudhishthira said: "O grandfather, please tell me if there is any charity (dāna) given, or sacrifice performed, or austerity (tapas) practiced, and similarly, service to elders (guru)."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - The eldest Pandava brother, known for his righteousness. (Yudhishthira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यदि (yadi) - if

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• दत्तम् (dattam) - Charity (dāna) given. (given, charity)

• इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - A sacrifice performed. (sacrificed, worshipped; desired; a sacrifice)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• तपः (tapaḥ) - Austerity (tapas). (austerity, penance, heat)

• तप्तम् (taptam) - Austerity (tapas) practiced. (heated, practiced, performed)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, similarly

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes 'similarly' or 'in the same way'. (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• च (ca) - and, also

• गुरूणाम् (gurūṇām) - Of the elders (guru). (of teachers, of elders)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• शुश्रूषा (śuśrūṣā) - Service rendered to elders. (service, desire to hear)

• तत् (tat) - That (referring to the mentioned acts). (that, therefore)

• मे (me) - To me. (to me, for me, my)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - Please tell. (tell, speak)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather (Bhishma). (grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - The eldest Pandava brother, known for his righteousness. (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; Yudhishthira

Compound of yudhi (locative of yudh 'battle') and sthira ('firm')

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect tense form of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Indicative

3rd person singular present indicative of √as

Root: as (class 2)

दत्तम् (dattam) - Charity (dāna) given. (given, charity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, presented; a gift, charity

Past Passive Participle

From √dā ('to give')

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Here used as a noun 'what has been given'.

इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - A sacrifice performed. (sacrificed, worshipped; desired; a sacrifice)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - sacrificed, worshipped; desired, wished for; an offering, a sacrifice

Past Passive Participle

From √yaj ('to sacrifice, worship')

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Here used as a noun 'what has been sacrificed'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

तपः (tapaḥ) - Austerity (tapas). (austerity, penance, heat)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth; penance, austerity, self-mortification

Note: Sandhi form of tapas (nom/acc singular).

तप्तम् (taptam) - Austerity (tapas) practiced. (heated, practiced, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapta

tapta - heated, burnt; practiced, performed (as in tapas)

Past Passive Participle

From √tap ('to heat, perform austerity')

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tapaḥ'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, similarly

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes 'similarly' or 'in the same way'. (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

गुरूणाम् (gurūṇām) - Of the elders (guru). (of teachers, of elders)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide; heavy, venerable, important

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

शुश्रूषा (śuśrūṣā) - Service rendered to elders. (service, desire to hear)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śuśrūṣā

śuśrūṣā - desire to hear; obedience, service, attendance

From desiderative of √śru ('to hear')

Root: śru (class 5)

तत् (tat) - That (referring to the mentioned acts). (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this; he, she, it

Note: Used here as the object, grammatically nominative, functionally accusative.

मे (me) - To me. (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of mad

mad - I

Enclitic dative/genitive singular of 'I'

Note: Can also be genitive. Here dative with 'brūhi'.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - Please tell. (tell, speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative Active

2nd person singular imperative active of √brū

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather (Bhishma). (grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, great father, Brahma