महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-4, verse-9

अयं न बुध्यते तावद्यमलोकमथागतम् ।
यमदूतैर्विकृष्यंश्च मृत्युं कालेन गच्छति ॥९॥

9. ayaṁ na budhyate tāvadyamalokamathāgatam ,
yamadūtairvikṛṣyaṁśca mṛtyuṁ kālena gacchati.

9. ayam na budhyate tāvat yamalokam atha āgatam
yamadūtaiḥ vikṛṣyan ca mṛtyum kālena gacchati

9. ayam tāvat yamalokam atha āgatam na budhyate
ca yamadūtaiḥ vikṛṣyan kālena mṛtyum gacchati

9. This person does not realize that he has already arrived in the realm of Yama. And being dragged by the messengers of Yama, he eventually succumbs to death.

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - this one, he

• न (na) - not, no

• बुध्यते (budhyate) - understands, realizes, perceives

• तावत् (tāvat) - so long, meanwhile, until then, thus much

• यमलोकम् (yamalokam) - the world of Yama, the realm of death

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, and now

• आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived, come, attained

• यमदूतैः (yamadūtaiḥ) - by the messengers of Yama

• विकृष्यन् (vikṛṣyan) - being dragged by Yama's messengers (being dragged, being pulled)

• च (ca) - and, also

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

• कालेन (kālena) - in time, by time, with time

• गच्छति (gacchati) - goes, reaches, attains

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - this one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

बुध्यते (budhyate) - understands, realizes, perceives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √budh

Root: budh (class 4)

तावत् (tāvat) - so long, meanwhile, until then, thus much

(indeclinable)

यमलोकम् (yamalokam) - the world of Yama, the realm of death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yamaloka

yamaloka - world of Yama

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yama+loka)

• yama – Yama, god of death
  proper noun (masculine)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, and now

(indeclinable)

आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived, come, attained

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root √gam with the prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied object 'him' (referring to 'ayam').

यमदूतैः (yamadūtaiḥ) - by the messengers of Yama

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yamadūta

yamadūta - messenger of Yama

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yama+dūta)

• yama – Yama, god of death
  proper noun (masculine)
• dūta – messenger, envoy
  noun (masculine)

विकृष्यन् (vikṛṣyan) - being dragged by Yama's messengers (being dragged, being pulled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikṛṣyat

vikṛṣyat - dragging, pulling (active sense)

Present Active Participle

Formed from the root √kṛṣ (class 4) with prefix vi-. Although morphologically active, in this context with an explicit instrumental agent (yamadūtaiḥ), it functions with a passive sense, describing the person who is being dragged.

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'ayam' (this person) and indicates the state of being dragged.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death

कालेन (kālena) - in time, by time, with time

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time

गच्छति (gacchati) - goes, reaches, attains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √gam

Root: gam (class 1)