महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-4, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
कथं संसारगहनं विज्ञेयं वदतां वर ।
एतदिच्छाम्यहं श्रोतुं तत्त्वमाख्याहि पृच्छतः ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
kathaṁ saṁsāragahanaṁ vijñeyaṁ vadatāṁ vara ,
etadicchāmyahaṁ śrotuṁ tattvamākhyāhi pṛcchataḥ.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca katham saṃsāragahanam vijñeyam vadatām
vara etat icchāmi aham śrotum tattvam ākhyāhi pṛcchataḥ

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca vadatām vara katham saṃsāragahanam
vijñeyam aham etat śrotum icchāmi pṛcchataḥ tattvam ākhyāhi

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: "O best among speakers, how can one understand the profound and intricate nature of transmigration (saṃsāra)? I wish to hear about this; please explain the truth to me who inquires."

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of a king)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• संसारगहनम् (saṁsāragahanam) - the impenetrable thicket of transmigration; the profound and intricate nature of saṃsāra

• विज्ञेयम् (vijñeyam) - is to be known, to be understood

• वदताम् (vadatām) - among speakers, of those who speak

• वर (vara) - O best, O excellent one

• एतत् (etat) - this

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire, I wish

• अहम् (aham) - I

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear, in order to hear

• तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - the truth, the reality, the essence

• आख्याहि (ākhyāhi) - explain, tell

• पृच्छतः (pṛcchataḥ) - to one who asks, to the inquirer

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of a king, father of the Kauravas)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

From root vac, perfect tense, 3rd person singular active.

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

संसारगहनम् (saṁsāragahanam) - the impenetrable thicket of transmigration; the profound and intricate nature of saṃsāra

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃsāragahana

saṁsāragahana - the deep or dense forest of transmigration; the profundity of saṃsāra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃsāra+gahana)

• saṃsāra – transmigration, cycle of rebirth, worldly existence (saṃsāra)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root sṛ with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sṛ
• gahana – deep, profound, dense, impenetrable, thicket
  adjective (neuter)
  Root: gah

विज्ञेयम् (vijñeyam) - is to be known, to be understood

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vijñeya

vijñeya - to be known, knowable, intelligible, understandable

Future Passive Participle (Gerundive)

Derived from root jñā with prefix vi, forming a gerundive.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā

वदताम् (vadatām) - among speakers, of those who speak

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, speaker, one who speaks

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root vad, used as a noun.

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Used in partitive genitive sense ('among').

वर (vara) - O best, O excellent one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent; a boon; a suitor

Note: Used here as a vocative.

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire, I wish

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present Active

From root iṣ, present tense, 1st person singular active.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, myself

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear, in order to hear

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of root śru.

Root: śru (class 5)

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - the truth, the reality, the essence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle, element

आख्याहि (ākhyāhi) - explain, tell

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of khyā

Imperative Active

From root khyā with prefix ā, imperative mood, 2nd person singular active.

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

पृच्छतः (pṛcchataḥ) - to one who asks, to the inquirer

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pṛcchat

pṛcchat - asking, inquiring, an inquirer

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root prach, used as a noun.

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Genitive used with a dative-like sense ('to one who asks').