महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-4, verse-14

अध्रुवे जीवलोकेऽस्मिन्यो धर्ममनुपालयन् ।
जन्मप्रभृति वर्तेत प्राप्नुयात्परमां गतिम् ॥१४॥

14. adhruve jīvaloke'sminyo dharmamanupālayan ,
janmaprabhṛti varteta prāpnuyātparamāṁ gatim.

14. adhruve jīvaloke asmin yaḥ dharmam anupālayan
janmaprabhṛti varteta prāpnuyāt paramām gatim

14. asmin adhruve jīvaloke yaḥ janmaprabhṛti dharmam
anupālayan varteta paramām gatim prāpnuyāt

14. In this transient world of living beings, he who lives from birth onwards, observing the natural law (dharma), will attain the supreme destination.

Words meanings summery:

• अध्रुवे (adhruve) - in the impermanent, in the transient

• जीवलोके (jīvaloke) - in the world of living beings, in the mortal world

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, he who)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma))

• अनुपालयन् (anupālayan) - observing (observing, maintaining, protecting)

• जन्मप्रभृति (janmaprabhṛti) - from birth, since birth

• वर्तेत (varteta) - he should live (he should live, he should exist, he should act)

• प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - he will attain (he may attain, he should obtain)

• परमाम् (paramām) - supreme, highest, excellent

• गतिम् (gatim) - destination (state, goal, destination, movement)

Words meanings and morphology

अध्रुवे (adhruve) - in the impermanent, in the transient

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of adhruva

adhruva - impermanent, transient, not fixed

Derived from 'dhruva' (fixed, permanent) with negative prefix 'a-'

जीवलोके (jīvaloke) - in the world of living beings, in the mortal world

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jīvaloka

jīvaloka - world of living beings, mortal world

Compound of jīva (living being) and loka (world)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīva+loka)

• jīva – living, alive, living being, soul
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, cosmic order (dharma)

From root dhṛ (to uphold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अनुपालयन् (anupālayan) - observing (observing, maintaining, protecting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anupālayat

anupālayat - observing, maintaining, protecting, following

Present Active Participle

From root pālay (causative of pā, to protect) with prefix anu-. Masculine nominative singular.

Prefix: anu

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: This is a participle acting as an adjective agreeing with yaḥ.

जन्मप्रभृति (janmaprabhṛti) - from birth, since birth

(indeclinable)

Compound of janman (birth) and prabhṛti (beginning, from)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (janman+prabhṛti)

• janman – birth, origin, existence
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• prabhṛti – beginning, from, onwards
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Used adverbially.

वर्तेत (varteta) - he should live (he should live, he should exist, he should act)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vṛt

Optative Middle

Optative 3rd person singular, middle voice, from root vṛt (class 1)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Expresses potential or desirability.

प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - he will attain (he may attain, he should obtain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of prāp

Optative Active

Optative 3rd person singular, active voice, from root āp (class 5) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Expresses potential or possibility, here denoting a certain outcome.

परमाम् (paramām) - supreme, highest, excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, chief, excellent

Superlative form of para (other, distant)

गतिम् (gatim) - destination (state, goal, destination, movement)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - movement, going, path, state, condition, goal, destination

From root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)