महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-82, verse-9

अरुंतुदं पुरुषं रूक्षवाचं वाक्कण्टकैर्वितुदन्तं मनुष्यान् ।
विद्यादलक्ष्मीकतमं जनानां मुखे निबद्धां निरृतिं वहन्तम् ॥९॥

9. aruṁtudaṁ puruṣaṁ rūkṣavācaṁ; vākkaṇṭakairvitudantaṁ manuṣyān ,
vidyādalakṣmīkatamaṁ janānāṁ; mukhe nibaddhāṁ nirṛtiṁ vahantam.

9. arumtudam puruṣam rūkṣavācam
vākkaṇṭakaiḥ vitudantam manuṣyān
vidyāt alakṣmīkatamam janānām
mukhe nibaddhām nirṛtim vahantam

9. One should know a man who torments others, who speaks harshly, and who wounds people with the thorns of his words, to be the most unfortunate among all people, carrying misfortune bound in his mouth.

Words meanings summery:

• अरुम्तुदम् (arumtudam) - tormenting, pain-inflicting (masculine, accusative)

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - man, person

• रूक्षवाचम् (rūkṣavācam) - having harsh speech, harsh-spoken (masculine, accusative)

• वाक्कण्टकैः (vākkaṇṭakaiḥ) - with speech-thorns, with thorny words

• वितुदन्तम् (vitudantam) - piercing, tormenting (masculine, accusative)

• मनुष्यान् (manuṣyān) - men, human beings (accusative plural)

• विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, should recognize

• अलक्ष्मीकतमम् (alakṣmīkatamam) - the most unfortunate, most unprosperous (masculine, accusative)

• जनानाम् (janānām) - of people, among people (genitive plural)

• मुखे (mukhe) - in the mouth

• निबद्धाम् (nibaddhām) - bound, fastened, tied (feminine, accusative)

• निरृतिम् (nirṛtim) - misfortune, destruction, goddess of destruction (feminine, accusative)

• वहन्तम् (vahantam) - carrying, bearing (masculine, accusative)

Words meanings and morphology

अरुम्तुदम् (arumtudam) - tormenting, pain-inflicting (masculine, accusative)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arumtuda

arumtuda - tormentor, wound-inflicting, pain-causing, heart-piercing

Agent noun

Compound formed with arum (wound) and the root √tud (to pierce, torment).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (arum+tuda)

• arum – wound, sore, cut
  noun (neuter)
• tuda – piercing, tormenting, striking
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun suffix -a from √tud
  From root √tud (to pierce, strike) with suffix -a.
  Root: tud (class 6)

Note: Modifies `puruṣam`.

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - man, person

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, human being, the Supreme Being

Note: Object of `vidyāt`.

रूक्षवाचम् (rūkṣavācam) - having harsh speech, harsh-spoken (masculine, accusative)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rūkṣavāc

rūkṣavāc - harsh-spoken, one whose speech is rough or rude

Bahuvrihi compound: rūkṣā vāc yasya saḥ (one whose speech is harsh).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (rūkṣa+vāc)

• rūkṣa – harsh, rough, rude, coarse
  adjective (masculine)
• vāc – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Modifies `puruṣam`.

वाक्कण्टकैः (vākkaṇṭakaiḥ) - with speech-thorns, with thorny words

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vākkaṇṭaka

vākkaṇṭaka - speech-thorn, thorny word, harsh speech

Compound of vāc (speech) and kaṇṭaka (thorn).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vāc+kaṇṭaka)

• vāc – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• kaṇṭaka – thorn, prickle, impediment, enemy
  noun (masculine)

वितुदन्तम् (vitudantam) - piercing, tormenting (masculine, accusative)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vitudant

vitudant - piercing, striking, tormenting

Present Active Participle

From root √tud (to pierce, strike) with upasarga vi- and Śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: tud (class 6)

मनुष्यान् (manuṣyān) - men, human beings (accusative plural)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - man, human being, mankind

Root: man

Note: Object of `vitudantam`.

विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, should recognize

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Vidhi Liṅ) of vid

Optative Mood, Third Person, Singular

From root √vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Implied subject is 'one'.

अलक्ष्मीकतमम् (alakṣmīkatamam) - the most unfortunate, most unprosperous (masculine, accusative)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of alakṣmīkatama

alakṣmīkatama - most unprosperous, most unfortunate, most ill-fated, most deprived of Lakṣmī (prosperity)

Superlative degree

Compound of a- (negation), lakṣmī (prosperity/goddess Lakṣmī), -ka (possessive suffix), and -tama (superlative suffix). One who is devoid of Lakṣmī (prosperity) or is associated with ill-fortune.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+lakṣmīka)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• lakṣmīka – possessing Lakṣmī, fortunate, prosperous
  adjective (masculine)
  From Lakṣmī (goddess of prosperity) + -ka suffix. Here, the 'a' negates this.

Note: Modifies `puruṣam`.

जनानाम् (janānām) - of people, among people (genitive plural)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people, creature

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Indicates comparison ('among people').

मुखे (mukhe) - in the mouth

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - mouth, face, opening, principal part

निबद्धाम् (nibaddhām) - bound, fastened, tied (feminine, accusative)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nibaddhā

nibaddhā - bound, fastened, tied, connected, confined

Past Passive Participle (feminine)

From root √bandh (to bind) with upasarga ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Modifies `nirṛtim`.

निरृतिम् (nirṛtim) - misfortune, destruction, goddess of destruction (feminine, accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nirṛti

nirṛti - misfortune, calamity, destruction, dissolution, goddess of destruction/misfortune

From nir (away, out) + √ṛ (to go).

Prefix: nir

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of `vahantam`.

वहन्तम् (vahantam) - carrying, bearing (masculine, accusative)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vahant

vahant - carrying, bearing, conveying, flowing

Present Active Participle

From root √vah (to carry, bear) with Śatṛ suffix.

Root: vah (class 1)